Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0344232 (blurred vision)
 2,072 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A middle-aged man had blurred vision, redness, and pain in the right eye. Ophthalmoscopic examination revealed slowly progressive necrotizing retinitis in the peripheral superonasal quadrant. The clinical impression was toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis, but lesions failed to respond to steroids, pyrimethamine, and sulfonamides. The eye was enucleated and, histopathologically, showed necrotizing granulomatous retinochoroiditis and optic neuritis, numerous cigarshaped, yeast-like organisms located within the necrotic retina and subretinally, and a subretinal asteroid body. Organisms were identified as Sporotrichum schenkii by immunofluorescence techniques. Electron microscopical studies of the fungus disclosed an unusually thickened capsule with a well-developed cell wall, the outer portion of which exhibited a radiating pattern of granular filamentous material. The ability of S schenkii to cause endophthalmitis in a patient without apparent primary infection should be remembered in the differential diagnosis of a cryptogenic, slowly progressive intraocular infection.
 ...
PMID:Granulomatous necrotizing retinochoroiditis caused by Sporotrichum schenkii. Report of a case including immunofluorescence and electron microscopical studies. 78 27

A 49-year old female in the course of chemotherapy for adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) noticed blurred vision and visual field defect in her right eye on February 26, 1991. Ophthalmoscopic findings showed exudative necrotizing retinitis with white exudative patches and scattered retinal hemorrhages in both eyes. CMV was isolated from the urine by the shell vial cell culture assay. Anti-viral therapy was commenced using ganciclovir and gamma-globulin, which are rich in anti-CMV antibodies. The exudative lesions were absorbed gradually. The ocular signs and symptoms agreed with the patient's systemic immunosuppressed T cell function state. CMV retinitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of retinitis in immunocompromised patients. CMV retinitis will certainly be found more frequently in accordance with the increasing number of immunocompromised hosts who have received immunosuppressive therapy or transplantation.
 ...
PMID:[Adult T cell leukemia with cytomegalovirus retinitis]. 131 31

A 38-year-old bisexual man with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who was being treated with oral acyclovir for herpetic stomatitis had a history of blurred vision OS that was diagnosed as cytomegalovirus retinitis. The patient refused ganciclovir administration. Two additional lesions developed OS in the succeeding four months. All clinical evidence of active retinitis cleared after zidovudine was administered, and the patient has remained free of any clinically active retinal lesions for 28 months while continuing to receive acyclovir and zidovudine. Although ganciclovir and foscarnet are the drugs of choice to treat cytomegalovirus retinitis, this observation may be fortuitous for patients whose other AIDS manifestations suggest using zidovudine rather than ganciclovir or for patients whose cytomegalovirus retinitis appears to be resistant to agents currently used to treat this infection.
 ...
PMID:Zidovudine and cytomegalovirus retinitis. 132 8

We report here an observation of severe chorio-retinitis in a kidney transplant patient presenting with a primary cytomegalovirus infection. This complication occurred three months after transplantation, following an aggressive treatment for an acute rejection episode (OKT3 associated with methylprednisolone bolus). The clinical manifestation was blurred vision without other evidence of viral infection. A rapid diagnosis of chorio-retinitis was achieved based on ophtalmoscopic findings and biological results. A prolonged treatment with DHPG was effective in halting the very progression involving the left macula and the righ peripheral retina.
 ...
PMID:[Cytomegalovirus chorioretinitis: unusual and severe complications in renal transplantation. Importance of early diagnosis and prolonged treatment with DHPG]. 196 74

Approximately one-third of all AIDS patients develop cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis. Symptoms begin with blurred vision, loss of peripheral vision, and dark spots in the eye that obstruct vision. HIV-infected persons with CD4 counts below 100 should be tested twice a year for CMV. Oral ganciclovir (Cytovene) is a preventive option approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). If diagnosed with CMV, a regimen of the antiviral drugs foscarnet and ganciclovir is initiated either as monotherapy or in combination. Side effects of combination therapy are greater than monotherapy and the treatment takes longer. Direct ganciclovir injections into the eye and ganciclovir implants are other options but are not FDA-approved. Other eye diseases can also occur, such as tumors, infections, and neuro-ophthalmic disorders.
 ...
PMID:Detecting CMV retinitis: know what to look for. Treatment is effective but not pleasant. 1136 48

There are several treatment options now available for patients with CMV retinitis, a sight-threatening viral infection of the eye, and the benefits and drawbacks of each are detailed. Vitrasert implants are the top choice, selected by nearly half of all people with CMV retinitis. The implants can cause blurred vision for up to four weeks, and retinal detachment is a potential side effect. Physicians also recommend systemic CMV treatment, generally IV ganciclovir, to accompany the implant. Cidofovir (Vistide), another IV therapy, is time-consuming to administer and has severe side effects. ISIS 2922, the experimental drug fomivirsen, is a promising treatment that is currently in advanced trials; it is injected directly into the eye. Oral ganciclovir therapy, used for mild retinitis cases, requires 12 pills a day, at a cost of $1,200 per month, and is generally less effective than other treatments. Concerns about developing drug resistance are expressed.
 ...
PMID:Saving sight. 1136 57

Toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis is an important opportunistic retinal infection in immunodeficiency and elderly patients. The diagnosis of toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis is based primarily on characteristic ocular findings, with supportive serological evidence. It may present as diffuse necrotizing retinitis instead of a focal lesion. We report the original case of a 74-year-old woman who presented with blurred vision in her left eye lasting 3 months. In her medical history, the patient described a tuberculous infection evolving for some months, as well as agranulocytosis treated with Rifadine. Fundus examination revealed diffuse necrotizing retinitis, mainly at the nasal quadrant, with marked vitreitis in the left eye. Clinical recognition of atypical presentations is critical for timely antiparasitic drug therapy. This case initially was misdiagnosed as acute retinal necrosis syndrome. The correct diagnosis was confirmed by response to polymerase chain reaction studies of an intraocular specimen and histopathological analysis. The extensive necrotizing retinitis was nonhemorrhagic but associated with retinal detachment. Significant visual loss accompanied the infection. Toxoplasmosis should be considered as a cause of diffuse necrotizing retinitis in elderly and immunosuppressive patients. Older patients may be more susceptible to severe ocular Toxoplasma infections because of age-related decline in cell-mediated immunity and chronic underlying diseases.
 ...
PMID:[Toxoplasma gondii and necrotizing retinitis: a case report]. 1458 27

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis rarely occurs in patients with connective tissue disease. We present a rare case of CMV retinitis in a patient with dermatomyositis. A 38-year-old man was admitted due to blurred vision and floaters of right eye. He had been diagnosed with dermatomyositis and taken prednisolone and immunosuppressive agents for 10 months. He was diagnosed as having CMV retinitis based upon ophthalmologic examination, decreased CD4+T cell count, and positive IgM anti-CMV antibody. Intravenous ganciclovir was administrated with cessation of immunosuppressive agents for 40 days and the lesion did not progress. This is the first report of a CMV retinitis that developed in a patient with dermatomyositis.
 ...
PMID:Cytomegalovirus retinitis in a patient with dermatomyositis. 1655 65

PURPOSE: To report a case of unilateral acute retinal necrosis after herpetic encephalitis CASE REPORT: A young man was referred with a chief complaint of blurred vision and pain of the left eye 1 month after herpetic encephalitis in the left frontotemporal lobe. The patient had multiple foci of retinitis in the retinal periphery associated with vitritis, blot retinal hemorrhage and retinal arteriolitis. The impression of acute retinal necrosis was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction of aqueous humor by detecting herpes simplex virus type 2; therefore, the patient received intravenous acyclovir. CONCLUSION: Herpetic encephalitis may be a risk factor for acute retinal necrosis. The virus may reach the eye by the trans-axonal route. Prophylaxis with acyclovir may be necessary after herpetic encephalitis to prevent acute retinal necrosis.
 ...
PMID:Acute Retinal Necrosis after Herpetic Encephalitis. 2111 44

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis may occur in profoundly immunocompromised patients and be the initial AIDS-defining infection. The incidence and prevalence of CMV retinitis has declined substantially in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART); nevertheless, it remains a leading cause of ocular morbility. We report the case of a 40-year-old man with blurred vision and pain in the right eye, three weeks after the initiation of effective HAART treatment. Ocular examination revealed a panuveitis causing an anterior chamber reaction with hypopyon and a dense vitreous haze. An endogenous endophthalmitis was suspected and treatment was ensued, without improvement. A vitreous tap was performed, and a positive polymerase chain reaction for CMV was found. A diagnosis of immune recovery uveitis (IRU) was made, and the patient responded to treatment with valganciclovir and dexamethasone. IRU is an intraocular inflammation that develops in patients with HAART-induced immune recovery and inactive CMV retinitis, although cases of active CMV retinitis have been described. Presentation with panuveitis and hypopion is rare and may be misleading regarding diagnosis and management.
 ...
PMID:Immune recovery uveitis masked as an endogenous endophthalmitis in a patient with active CMV retinitis. 2369 86


1 2 Next >>