Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0344232 (blurred vision)
 2,072 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Four patients with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia and one malignant teratoma refractory to conventional chemotherapy were treated with high doses of cytosine arabinoside (HD ARA-C). They received up to 12 cycles of 1.8 to 3 g/m2 every 12 hours applied by 2-hour infusions. A total of 55 HD ARA-C infusions was performed. All leukemic patients responded. A complete clearance of blasts from the bone marrow was observed in two patients following 8-12 cycles of 3 g/m2. However, relapses occurred after three and seven weeks, in one case with resistance to HD ARA-C. The patient with malignant teratoma did not respond. No severe toxicity emerged even after repeated applications. Adverse reactions included moderate nausea and vomiting (4 patients), diarrhea (2 patients), hepatic dysfunction (1 patient), bone pain (1 patient), blurred vision (1 patient), conjunctivitis (1 patient), and exanthema with partial epidermiolysis (1 patient). Granulocytopenia occurring between 3-8 days after having started the therapy, subsided within 4-25 days. Plasma levels of ARA-C and the metabolite uracil arabinoside (ARA-U) were monitored. At steady state plasma concentrations of ARA-C were 32-97 microM (8-24 micrograms/ml). ARA-C disappeared from the plasma mono- or biphasic with a terminal half-life (t50%) of 7.8-12.6 minutes. The total clearance (Cl) of ARA-C varied between 1.7 and 2.9 liters/kg . h, and the distribution volume (Vss) between 0.44 and 0.86 liters/kg. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of ARA-C reached 10-15% of steady state concentrations in plasma.
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PMID:Clinical results and pharmacokinetics of high-dose cytosine arabinoside (HD ARA-C). 710 69

Twenty women with recurrent or persistent urinary tract infections were treated with a fixed combination of trimethoprim-rifampin (TMP-RAM). The site of infection was established by the antibody-coated bacteria test. Sixteen women had upper tract infections (antibody-coated bacteria tests positive); eight were cured, three failed, and five relapsed. All four women with lower tract infections (antibody-coated bacteria tests negative) were cured. Three of five patients with structural abnormalities failed. The 12 cures and 5 relapses were associated with organisms susceptible to either TMP (minimal inhibitory concentration, less than or = to 7 micrograms/ml) or RAM (minimal inhibitory concentration, less than or = to 32 micrograms/ml). In contrast, two of the three failures were associated with organisms resistant to both TMP and RAM. In one patient, RAM resistance emerged during treatment. During therapy, urinary strains were eradicated from the periurethral and anal-canal areas in all but 3 fo 16 patients. Adverse reactions, noted in 16 women, included nausea (10), dizziness (6), headaches (2), rash (1), an blurred vision (1). Antimicrobial susceptibility data on 246 isolated from urinary, periurethral, and anal-canal specimens are included. Our findings suggest that TMP-RAM is effective in urinary infections and may prevent the emergence of RAM-resistant strains.
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PMID:Trimethoprim-rifampin, a new combination agent: efficacy in localized urinary infection and influence on microflora. 724 74

A phase I trial of the uridine analog 3-deazauridine was undertaken in 44 adults with solid tumors. The drug was given as a 5-day continuous infusion repeated every 3-4 weeks. The dose-limiting toxic effect was granulocytopenia. Patients with prior nitrosourea therapy or extensive irradiation also had significant thrombocytopenia, and the lowest dose tested, 800 mg/m2/day, was excessive for this group. Mucositis was occasionally severe and was particularly marked in previously irradiated areas. Nausea was mild to moderate. There were isolated episodes of rash, headache, chest pain, and blurred vision. For patients without extensive prior therapy, the recommended dose is 1000 mg/m2/day. No complete or partial remissions were noted.
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PMID:Phase I study of 3-deazauridine in the treatment of adults with solid tumors. 747 Nov 19

Lamotrigine is a novel antiepileptic that, although its mechanism is not completely understood, appears to affect voltage-activated sodium channels, resulting in inhibition of the presynaptic release of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate. It is well absorbed after oral administration. Its route of elimination is hepatic glucuronidation, which is susceptible to both hepatic microsomal enzyme-inducing and -inhibiting agents. In clinical trials lamotrigine was effective as add-on therapy for refractory partial seizures in adults. Small trials suggest the feasibility of monotherapy, but further controlled trials are warranted to support this practice. Additional data indicate the utility of lamotrigine for generalized seizures. Reported side effects are rash, nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, diplopia, and vision abnormalities. Lamotrigine appears to be an attractive alternative to currently available antiepileptics.
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PMID:Lamotrigine. 762 59

A 5-year-old boy with left side optic neuritis, which manifested itself 21 days after the onset of rubella eruption, is reported. Seven days after the onset of rash which persisted for 3 days, he was found to be excessively somnolent and disoriented, and a diagnosis of rubella encephalitis was made at our clinic. Clinical symptoms spontaneously subsided 3 days later. Twenty-one days after the appearance of rash (16 days after the onset of encephalitis) he complained of left frontal headache and blurred vision of left eye. The funduscopic examination revealed the left papillitis. Pattern reversal VEP (PVEPs) evoked by stimuli of left eye showed absence of N75 wave, and a prolonged conduction time and low amplitude of P100 wave. Corticosteroid therapy improved his complaints, funduscopic and PVEPs findings. When the treatment was stopped, the funduscopic findings were exacerbated but were improved soon again by the additional corticosteroid therapy. A delayed onset of optic neuritis after the initial infection and a prompt response to corticosteroid therapy may suggest an involvement of some autoimmune process in the pathogenesis of postinfectious optic neuritis in our case.
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PMID:[A case of optic neuritis following rubella encephalitis]. 839 34

Toxoplasmosis is the most common opportunistic infection of the central nervous system in patients with AIDS. The standard treatment for toxoplasmic encephalitis is pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine. There have been few reports of concurrent Toxoplasma brain abscess and cavitary Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in Taiwan. We report the case of a 26-year-old homosexual man with coexisting infection with Toxoplasma gondii and P. carinii who was successfully treated for brain abscess with clindamycin and sulfadiazine. The cavitary lung lesions, initially diagnosed as pulmonary tuberculosis, were proved to be PCP by lung biopsy. HIV infection and syphilis had been diagnosed 1 year before admission. He presented with general weakness, ataxia, nausea, blurred vision and fever for 2 weeks. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed multiple ring-enhanced lesions over the cerebrum and cerebellum. Chest roentgenography showed a 3-cm lesion with cavitation over the right upper lung field. Diagnostic computerized tomography-guided lung biopsy revealed P. carinii cysts. Clindamycin, sulfadiazine and trimethoprim (TMP)-sulfamethoxazole (20 mg/kg/day TMP) were given with good response. His CD4 count rose from 40 to 280/microL 4 months later. All antibiotics were discontinued after 4.5 months due to the development of a skin rash. He was well at follow-up 1 year later. This case suggests that the combination of clindamycin and sulfadiazine is an effective treatment for Toxoplasma brain abscess and highlights the importance of diagnostic lung biopsy for cavitary lung lesions, particularly in a region endemic for tuberculosis.
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PMID:Treatment of Toxoplasma brain abscess with clindamycin and sulfadiazine in an AIDS patient with concurrent atypical Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. 1264 93

A 37-year-old patient presented with a generalized maculopapular rash, white oral plaques, and blurred vision of the left eye. Laboratory tests revealed the diagnosis of syphilis II and neurosyphilis in the context of HIV infection.
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PMID:[Neurosyphilis and concomitant secondary syphilis in an HIV-infected patient]. 1536 43

A total of 136 patients, 67 HIV, 69 diabetes mellitus (DM) with or without (+/-) end-stage renal disease (ESRD), were registered for tuberculosis treatment at the National Tuberculosis Center (NTBC) from May to December, 2003. Ages ranged from 21-78 years (median 57.7 years) in TB/DM patients, and 21-62 (mean 37.6 +/- 8.3 years) in TB/HIV patients. TB was significantly found in younger and single HIV patients, but in older and married DM patients (p<0.05). Male patients in both groups were strongly associated with TB, while females more commonly had TB with DM (p<0.05). The majority of these patients were Malays, unemployed, and resided in Kuala Lumpur territory; however, no statistically significant difference was found between the 2 groups. Smoking, IVDUs and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection were more significantly found in TB/HIV patients and further analysis showed that pulmonary TB was strongly associated with HCV infection in these patients (p<0.05). Pulmonary TB (62; 89.9%) was the most common type found in both groups and was a markedly more common disease location in TB/DM patients, while extrapulmonary TB (21; 31.3%) and miliary TB (14; 21%) were significantly higher in TB/HIV patients. Cough with or without sputum, fever and loss of appetite and/or weight were common clinical presentations in both groups. Nevertheless, fever (54; 80.6%) and lymphadenopathy (17; 25.4%) were significantly related to TB/HIV patients (p<0.05). Interestingly, the presence of BCG vaccination and positive tuberculin skin test were stronger in TB/HIV (27; 40.3%) and TB/DM (20; 29%) patients, respectively (p<0.05). Overall, regular 6-, 9- and 12-months' anti-tubercular therapy (ATT) were routine practice, and EHRZ+B6 was the most common regimen used. The highest percentage of patients with treatment success were in both groups with 6 months' ATT; however, a significantly higher percentage was found in TB/DM (24; 34.8%) than TB/HIV (13; 19.4%) (p<0.05). A success rate of 15 (21.7%) was noted for TB/DM patients with 9 months' ATT, which was similar to both groups with the 12-month regimen. A higher percentage failure rate (lost to follow-up) was seen in TB/HIV (19; 28.4%) patients. Nine patients were reported to have anti-tubercular-drug side-effects, such as drug-induced hepatitis, blurred vision, and skin rash. No cases of drug resistance or death were notified among these patients.
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PMID:Tuberculosis: a resurgent disease in immunosuppressed patients. 1754 73

Scombroid fish poisoning is an acute illness that occurs after eating fish containing high levels of histamine or other biogenic amines. Symptoms typically include facial flushing, sweating, rash, a burning or peppery taste in the mouth, diarrhea, and abdominal cramps and usually resolve within several hours without medical intervention. More severe symptoms (e.g., respiratory distress, swelling of the tongue and throat, and blurred vision) can occur and require medical treatment with antihistamines. In late 2006, two outbreaks of scombroid fish poisoning occurred, one in Louisiana and one in Tennessee. To determine the source of the outbreaks and to implement control measures, CDC and the state health departments in Louisiana and Tennessee conducted epidemiologic investigations, and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) conducted traceback investigations of the product. This report describes the results of those investigations, which indicated that the outbreaks in Louisiana and Tennessee were associated with tuna steaks from Indonesia and Vietnam, respectively. The majority of seafood eaten in the United States is imported. FDA programs to identify and prevent seafood hazards such as scombroid fish poisoning have made substantial progress but are able to inspect only a small proportion of seafood entering the United States. The only effective method for prevention of scombroid fish poisoning is consistent temperature control of fish at </=40 degrees F (</=4.4 degrees C) at all times between catching and consumption.
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PMID:Scombroid fish poisoning associated with tuna steaks--Louisiana and Tennessee, 2006. 1770 71

Vascular involvement is not infrequent in Behcet's disease (BD). It is generally seen in the form of superficial thrombophlebitis or occlusion of major veins. In rare instances, arterial occlusion and aneurysm formation may be seen in BD. We reported a young male with BD, diagnosed at the age of twenty for relapsing and remitting oral ulceration, skin rash, arthralgia and ocular painful redness for three years. At the age of 21, he had recurrent abdominal aortic aneurysm and inconspicuous neurological manifestations including dizziness, tinnitus and transients of blurred vision. The carotid angiography disclosed the occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries (CCA). A carotid endarterectomy was subsequently performed to reduce the risk of stroke. The pathological examination of the occluded segment of CCA revealed chronic inflammation, which was attributable to BD. There was no atherosclerotic change. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of concurrent bilateral CCA occlusion and relapsing abdominal aortic aneurysm. Even in the absence of specific neurological symptoms, we suggest that cerebrovascular investigation need to take into consideration in BD patients with unexplained cranial symptoms.
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PMID:Behcet's disease with involvement of major arteries: a case report. 1928 Aug 70


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