Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0341503 (bacterial peritonitis)
 1,303 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Nitric oxide plays an important role in mediating the inflammatory process. The aim of this study was to evaluate if nitric oxide production was increased during peritonitis in patients receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), and the association with the prognosis. The study population comprised 21 patients with 22 episodes of peritonitis. Fifteen patients without peritonitis were controls. Nitrate was measured by HPLC and nitrite by the Griess method, to reflect nitric oxide production. Peritoneal dialysate effluent and plasma were collected from six patients during peritonitis and 1 week after treatment to study changes in dialysate:plasma ratio. In 15 patients, nitrite was measured during peritonitis and every 3 days for 2 weeks or until normalized for evolutional changes. The dialysate:plasma ratios of nitrate and nitrite during peritonitis were reduced 26% and 41.5%, respectively, after 1 week of treatment, indicating the peritoneal production of nitric oxide during peritonitis. In the evolutional study, a 5.1-fold increase of peak nitrite levels in bacterial peritonitis (n = 13) and a 2.5-fold increase in fungal peritonitis (n = 3) were observed compared to controls. Nitrite gradually declined to control levels (9.3 +/- 7.2 days) after effective antibiotic treatment, but took longer than to normalize leukocyte count in the peritoneal dialysate effluent (3.9 +/- 1.9 days). In four patients with refractory peritonitis (Candida infection in three, Acinetobacter infection in one), the nitrite levels remained elevated 2-fold despite treatment, and the catheters were removed. It is concluded that nitrite levels in peritoneal dialysate effluent may serve as a marker to assess treatment efficacy in CAPD patients with peritonitis.
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PMID:Peritoneal nitric oxide is a marker of peritonitis in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. 901 24

1. The inhibiting action of urine on catalase depends to a great extent on its reaction. The urine of a nephritic has no greater inhibiting power than normal urine provided the reaction of urines tested is neutral. 2. The catalytic activity of a single rabbit's blood is constant from day to day. 3. There is considerable variation in the catalytic action of the blood of different rabbits. 4. Following ligation of the ureters the catalytic activity of the blood gradually decreases; the tissues of an animal which has died as a result of ligation of the ureters show a decided decrease in catalytic activity, when compared with those of normal animals. 5. Following bilateral nephrectomy the same decline of the catalytic action of the blood is observed as after bilateral ligation of ureters. 6. Following unilateral nephrectomy the catalytic activity of the blood may temporarily fall and then rise above its previous level, or it may fall continuously. Wherever the continuous fall occurs the animal dies. 7. When the kidneys are allowed to function but the urine is drained into the peritoneal cavity there is no change in the catalytic activity of the tissues post-mortem but a marked rise in the catalytic activity of the blood accompanies the resulting peritonitis. 8. The same rise in the catalytic activity of the blood is obtained in experimental bacterial peritonitis. This might be of diagnostic importance in determining early inflammations of the peritoneum. 9. A kidney functioning normally changes substances circulating in the blood into urinary products devoid of any influence on catalase. If the kidney cannot effect this change, these substances remain unaltered in the circulating blood and by their presence inhibit the catalytic activity of the blood and organs. 10. Nephritis (Uranium Nitrate).-A. In acute nephritis there is a marked decrease in the catalytic activity of the blood and of the tissues post-mortem. The decrease in the catalytic activity of the blood may vary directly with the amount of urine excreted. B. With the onset of uraemia the catalytic activity of the blood decreases markedly and follows in a general way the urinary findings, especially the total amount of urine. If the animal recovers the catalase gradually rises. C. Although the catalytic activity of a normal rabbit's blood is constant from day to day, the activity of blood from a rabbit in which an experimental nephritis has been produced oscillates markedly. The catalytic activity of the blood may under certain conditions indicate the functional sufficiency of the kidneys much more accurately than the urinary findings.
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PMID:THE CATALYTIC ACTIVITY OF THE BLOOD IN RELATION TO (1) THE FUNCTIONAL SUFFICIENCY OF THE KIDNEYS; (2) PERITONITIS. 1986 41