Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0341503 (bacterial peritonitis)
 1,303 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The pharmacokinetics of ceftazidime were studied in 18 male individuals, including six healthy volunteers and 12 patients with liver cirrhosis and ascites. Each participant received 1 g of ceftazidime as a single intravenous bolus injection. The elimination half-life was longer in cirrhotic than in control patients (5.40 +/- 1.02 h) vs. (1.98 +/- 0.24 h), P less than 0.01; probably due to slow return from the ascitic compartment. Nevertheless, total body clearance did not differ significantly between the two groups (81.4 +/- 30.3 ml/h/kg vs. 83.6 +/- 24.9 ml/h/kg). Dose reduction is not necessary when treating systemic infection in cirrhotics. Ceftazidime attained a concentration of 1 microgram/ml in the ascitic fluid in most patients 15 to 30 min after the injection, and maintained this level, which is higher than the MIC90 of Enterobacteriaceae, for 24 h. An intravenous bolus injection of 1 g ceftazidime every 24 h is sufficient to treat patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis caused by a susceptible organism other than Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
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PMID:Pharmacokinetics of ceftazidime in patients with liver cirrhosis and ascites. 176 47

During continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, the peritoneal mesothelial cell layer is under continuous sloughing and regeneration processes. Agents unfavorable for mesothelial cell growth may be harmful to the peritoneal membrane. We investigated whether frequent intraperitoneally instilled agents affect mesothelial cell growth. Peritoneal mesothelial cells were cultured from the human omentum. The proliferation was assessed by using a modified methyltetrazolium assay and confirmed by Coulter cell counting. The results showed that a high-glucose medium and heparin inhibited mesothelial cell growth. Cephalothin at the usual intraperitoneal loading and maintenance doses is toxic to mesothelial cells. Ceftazidime is toxic to mesothelial cells at its loading dose and inhibits growth at its maintenance dose. Aminoglycosides including netilmicin, gentamicin, and amikacin all had inhibitory effects at the loading and maintenance dose ranges. Vancomycin had no effect. The usual combinations of heparin and cephalothin with netilmicin or gentamicin as the initial treatment regimen for bacterial peritonitis are toxic to mesothelial cells. These results suggest that some intraperitoneal agents potentially may hamper mesothelial cell regeneration. The judicious use of heparin and the proper choice of antibiotic combinations may be warranted from the point of view of peritoneal protection.
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PMID:Effect of intraperitoneally administered agents on human peritoneal mesothelial cell growth. 853 44