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Query: UMLS:C0341503 (bacterial peritonitis)
 1,303 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Bacterial peritonitis is a common complication associated with catheters implanted for intraperitoneal anticancer chemotherapy in patients with extensive ovarian carcinoma. During an ongoing trial of intraperitoneal cisplatin-melphalan vs. cisplatin-gamma interferon, given via an intraperitoneal 'Port-a-cath' catheter, 6 episodes of suspected bacterial peritonitis occurred in 5 patients. Clinical symptoms were present in all episodes and 3 episodes were documented microbiologically. Teicoplanin was given intraperitoneally, 400 mg three times a day on the first day and once daily thereafter. Serum and peritoneal concentrations were measured by bioassay. Despite clinical improvement during therapy, the catheter was removed in 4 out of 5 patients after the end of intraperitoneal teicoplanin, due to the presence of infection. Additional patients are required to evaluate the efficacy of intraperitoneal teicoplanin in the treatment of catheter-related peritonitis associated with anticancer intraperitoneal chemotherapy.
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PMID:Therapy of infections related to intraperitoneal catheters in patients with ovarian cancer. 215 Oct 63

Peritonitis is a debilitating infectious complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD). Drug-resistant bacterial peritonitis typically has a lower response rate to antibiotics. In the past 15 years, newer antibiotics with activities against drug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria have been developed. In most circumstances, peritonitis due to methicillin-resistant staphylococci responds to vancomycin. If vancomycin cannot be used due to allergy and/or non-susceptibility, there is increasing evidence that linezolid and daptomycin are the drugs of choice. It is reasonable to start linezolid orally or intravenously, but subsequent dose reduction may be necessary in case of myelosuppression. Daptomycin can be given intravenously or intraperitoneally and has excellent anti-biofilm activity. Other treatment options for drug-resistant Gram-positive bacterial peritonitis include teicoplanin, tigecycline and quinupristin/dalfopristin. Teicoplanin is not available in some countries (e.g. the USA). Tigecycline can only be given intravenously. Quinupristin/dalfopristin is ineffective against Enterococcus faecalis and there is only low-quality evidence to support its efficacy in the treatment of peritonitis. Effective newer antibiotics against drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria are lacking. Polymyxins can be considered, but evidence on its efficacy is limited. In this review, we will discuss the potential use of newer antibiotics in the treatment of drug-resistant bacterial peritonitis in PD patients.
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PMID:Newer antibiotics for the treatment of peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis. 2747 8