Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0341503 (bacterial peritonitis)
 1,303 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cefamandole was evaluated as the sole antimicrobial agent used to treat bacterial peritonitis in 113 patients. Dosage varied between 1 and 2 g given intravenously every 6 hr. Laparotomy for excision of infected or gangrenous tissues, closure of gastrointestinal perforations, or drainage of an established abscess was required in 99 of the cases. A good clinical response was obtained in 107 patients, or 95% of the total group. Of the six deaths only one could be attributed to infection. No evidence of renal, hepatic, or hematopoietic toxicity was noted. There were no allergic reactions, although 13 patients (12%) developed phlebitis in a vein used for antibiotic administration. Bacteriological studies revealed aerobic peritonitis in 99% of the patients, with anaerobe participation in 60% of these cases. Sensitivity testing by the disk diffusion and tube dilution methods confirmed the appropriateness of cefamandole therapy; 91% of the gram-negative rods and 61% of the anaerobes were susceptible. From results of this study, it would appear that cefamandole is a reliably effective antibiotic for use in treatment of most forms of acute peritonitis. Its role in surgical prophylaxis may be even more promising.
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PMID:Cefamandole in treatment of peritonitis. 64 95

Between 1979 and 1985, 26 patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis had 97 episodes of peritonitis. These occurred over a period of 336 patient months, giving an incidence of one episode every 3.5 patient months. The micro-organisms comprised Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as fungi which accounted for six episodes. Gram-positive bacteria were isolated in 49 of the 97 episodes (50.5%) with Staphylococcus epidermidis predominating. The incidence of culture-negative peritonitis was high (27.8%). Because of failure to respond to treatment, or because of frequent recurrences, 42% patients were transferred to haemodialysis. The changing bacterial ecology has necessitated an alteration in choice of antibiotics. Cefamandole and/or gentamicin are no longer appropriate since 46% strains of S. epidermidis are now methicillin-resistant. Our 'best guess' choice for bacterial peritonitis would now start with netilmicin, vancomycin being added if indicated. For fungal peritonitis we would now start with a primary course of anti-fungal agents followed by early removal of the catheter if there is no response to treatment.
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PMID:Peritonitis in children on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. 339 79

Cefamandole in combination with tobramycin was evaluated in the treatment of peritonitis as an adjunct to laparotomy and performance of the indicated surgical procedure in 88 patients. The clinical response was judged satisfactory in 91 per cent. Of four deaths, only one could be attributed to infection. Side effects noted were decreased creatinine clearance in 16 patients, increased liver enzymes in ten patients, and eosinophilia in nine patients. Microbiologic studies revealed aerobic peritonitis in 44 cultures and anaerobic in 32. Eighty-five per cent of the gram-negative and 69 per cent of the gram-positive strains were susceptible to cefamandole. Cefamandole alone or in combination with tobramycin appears to be an effective and safe antibiotic when used in appropriate doses for the treatment of bacterial peritonitis.
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PMID:Bacterial peritonitis. Protecting the high-risk patient. 637