Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0341503 (bacterial peritonitis)
 1,303 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The pharmacokinetics of cefoperazone was studied in eleven cirrhotic patients with ascites after i.v. administration of a single dose of 15 mg.kg-1 (n = 7) or after three doses of 15 mg.kg-1 given at 12 h intervals (n = 4). The concentrations of cefoperazone in serum and ascitic fluid were determined by HPLC. The peak serum cefoperazone concentration after a single i.v. injection of 15 mg.kg-1 was 96.0 mg.l-1. The serum elimination half-life was longer (5.0 h) than in normal subjects. The penetration of cefoperazone into ascites was satisfactory (32.3% and 58.3% after single and repeated injections, respectively). Ascitic fluid concentrations of cefoperazone exceeded 5.4 mg.ml-1 from 0.5 to 6 h after the single i.v. injection, levels which are well above the MIC of most pathogens found in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Adjustment of the dose of cefoperazone in cases of severe hepatic insufficiency does not appear to be necessary provided that renal function is normal.
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PMID:Penetration of cefoperazone into ascites. 261 53

The ofloxacin diffusion was investigated in 13 cirrhotic patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Plasma and ascitic samples were collected at times H1, H31 and H8 after a first dose of 200 mg per os, in these 13 patients, after 4.5 or 6 days of 200 mg per os each 8 hours in 9 out of them. After the first dose, the plasmatic and ascitic concentrations, measured by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), were between 0 and 3.62 mg/l, 0 and 1.95 mg/l respectively. The steady state concentrations are higher than the MIC'S for the organisms most commonly involved, comparable in the plasma and the ascitic fluid is good and suggest the interest of its use in this indication.
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PMID:[Diffusion of ofloxacin in infected ascitic fluid]. 279 88

We compared cefonicid (2 g every 12 h) and ceftriaxone (2 g every 24 h) for their efficacy and safety in treating spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotic patients in an open randomized clinical trial (30 patients in each group). Clinical, laboratory, and bacteriologic characteristics were similar in both groups. Ceftriaxone-susceptible strains were isolated on 44 occasions (94%), and cefonicid-susceptible strains were isolated on 43 occasions (91.5%). The antibiotic concentration in ascitic fluid/MIC ratio for ceftriaxone was > 100 throughout the dose interval (24 h), while it was lower for cefonicid (between 1 and 18). A total of 100% of patients treated with ceftriaxone, and 94% of those treated with cefonicid were cured of their infections (P was not significant). Hospitalization mortality was 37% in the cefonicid group and 30% in the ceftriaxone group (P was not significant). The time that elapsed between the initiation of treatment and the patient's death was shorter in the cefonicid group patients (5.3 +/- 3.90 days) than in the ceftriaxone group patients (11.8 +/- 9.15 days) (P < 0.05). None of the patients presented with superinfections, and only two patients treated with cefonicid and three patients treated with ceftriaxone developed colonizations with Enterococcus faecalis or Candida albicans. Ceftriaxone and cefonicid are safe and useful agents for treating cirrhotic spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, although the pharmacokinetic characteristics of ceftriaxone seem to be more advantageous than those of cefonicid.
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PMID:Randomized trial comparing ceftriaxone with cefonicid for treatment of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotic patients. 821 67

We report the first case of Enterococcus cecorum empyema thoracis and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in a 44-year-old man with underlying cirrhosis. The patient responded to cefotaxime (MIC, 0.25 microg/ml) treatment and drainage of the empyema. Susceptibility of E. cecorum to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins could be due to its production of types of penicillin-binding proteins similar to those produced by Streptococcus species rather than to those produced by Enterococcus species (as predicted by phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences).
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PMID:Enterococcus cecorum empyema thoracis successfully treated with cefotaxime. 1476 91

Research of features of a current of a spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) allows to allocate close interrelation between SBP, system inflammatory reaction and a sepsis to consider SBP, as one of stages in evolution of the difficult infectious process caused, as a rule, by resident flora, developing at patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis (LC), which demands timely preventive maintenance and adequate antibacterial therapy. In the present work therapy and preventive maintenance SBP questions are considered. In article the extensive review of the data of the literature and own supervision by efficiency of treatment SBP also is presented. For the purpose of optimization of pharmacotherapy of the sick LC, the complicated ascites, had been conducted pharmacokinetics research ciprofloxacin (CPF) according to dynamics of its maintenance in blood serum (BS) and ascitic fluid (AF) depending on presence and ascites size. Materials and methods. Researches are spent 18 sick decompensated liver cirrhosis (a class B and C on Ch-P), without signs SBP after unitary reception of 500 mg CPF per os on an empty stomach. All patients have been divided on two groups: I gr. (n = 10) with the expressed, intense ascites (> 10 1) and II gr. (n = 8) with the moderate, small ascites. Definition CPF in BS also was already carried out by a method of a highly effective liquid chromatography. On the basis of the received data for each patient counted the semidelucing period (T1/2), the area under pharmacokinetic curve (curve concentration - time) - (AUC), volume of distribution of a preparation (Avd), factor AUC(AF)\MIC (size of the relation of the area under pharmacokinetic curve to its minimum inhibitive concentration). Results of research have shown that concentration levels (C) (CPF in BS and AF for the given concrete patient are at one level, showing thus distinctions in dynamic behavior. Average value AUC(AF)\MIC (MIC - minimum inhibitive concentration) at patients II gr. has made 187,3 +/- 5,6 h that almost in 2 times more than necessary value, as has allowed not to recommend to patients increase in dose CPF. On the contrary, parity AUC(AF)/MIC at patients I gr. has made 43,8 +/- 3,6 h (less than 100 h) that it is not enough for therapeutic effect. Conclusions. The conducted research has allowed to make the conclusion that presence and ascites size make essential impact on pharmacokinetic parameters CPF and to recommend increase in dose CPF to 1000 mg/days for sick LC with sharply expressed ascites and safe nephritic function.
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PMID:[Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in liver cirrhosis: optimization issues of prevention and treatment]. 2340 88