Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0341503 (bacterial peritonitis)
 1,303 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The outcome of untreated spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is fatal. In the onset of SBP clinical manifestations may be subtle, therefore every patient with hepatogenic ascites has to be examined for SBP at admission. If polynuclear cell count in ascitic fluid exceeds 250/microliter, antibiotic therapy has to begin immediately, until irreversible complications develop. Aerobic gram-negative bacilli of the normal intestinal flora are responsible for most cases of SBP, followed by gram-positive organisms and anaerobes. Antibiotic agents with extended spectrum, such as third-generation cephalosporins are considered the drugs of choice for SBP. In severe cases combination with metronidazole is recommended. As soon as repeated paracenteses show polynuclear cells beyond 250/microliter, the antibiotic therapy can be stopped. Selective decontamination of the gut with norfloxacin is effective to prevent SBP in high-risk patients. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is superior due to its activity even against gram-positive organisms. Overall prognosis of patients with SBP, however, is determined mainly to complications specific for cirrhosis, e.g. variceal bleeding, coma etc.
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PMID:[Therapy of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis]. 906 27

Listeria is an uncommon cause of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) in the United States. Listeria should be suspected as a cause of SBP when the patient has diphtheria-like organisms on ascitic/blood cultures, iron overload/hemochromatosis, exposure to farm animals, or poor response to empiric therapy within 48-72 h. Diagnosis of SBP is made if the ascitic fluid shows polymorphonuclear cell count >250 cells/mm(3) without an intra-abdominal source of infection. Ampicillin with or without an aminoglycoside is the treatment of choice. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is recommended for prophylaxis in patients with a previous episode of Listeria SBP.
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PMID:Listeria monocytogenes as a cause of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: a rare entity. 2565 71