Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0341503 (bacterial peritonitis)
 1,303 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

One hundred and twenty consecutive patients with liver cirrhosis and ascites were prospectively studied in order to analyze the frequency, clinical and bacteriological features, recurrence, and prognosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP). Two variants of SBP were defined: culture positive SBP and culture negative neutrocytic ascites (CNNA). During a follow-up of 6 +/- 2 months, thirty three episodes in 23 patients were identified. Nineteen episodes had ascites positive cultures (58%). The total mortality rate associated with SBP was 39%. (47% for culture positive form and 29% for CNNA). Seven of 15 cirrhotics who had recovered from a first episode of SBP (46%) had 10 recurrences. Mortality associated with SBP recurrence was 50%. Six-month survival probability was 65% in patients with sterile ascites and 33% in SPB (p < 0.05). Impairment of liver function was present in 23 episodes (70%) but abdominal complaints occurred only in one/third and 4 (12%) were asymptomatic. E coli was the most frequent agent involved in culture positive SBP. We confirm that SBP is a frequent, recurrent and severe complication of ascites in cirrhotics. Episodes of SBP without abdominal symptoms or with a silent course are not infrequent. Then, SBP recognition requires ample use of diagnostic paracentesis.
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PMID:[Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: a frequent and recurrent complication in cirrhotic patients with ascites]. 184 20

We report 4 episodes of spontaneous bacterial pleuritis observed in 3 patients with liver cirrhosis complicated by ascites and pleural effusion. This infection mimics spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Three episodes were successfully treated. Proposed pathogenesis, diagnostic methods and therapy are discussed.
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PMID:[Spontaneous bacterial pleuritis in 3 patients with liver cirrhosis]. 184 24

A prospective research was made on spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) in chronic liver disease patients presenting with ascites. Forty clinical cases, of 37 patients, were analysed. All subjects were submitted to clinical and laboratory evaluation and diagnostic paracentesis, and the material was obtained for biochemical dosages, pH determination, cytology and bacterial cultures. Thirty cases of sterile ascites and 10 of SBP (25%) were detected. In 5 (50%) with SBP, the clinical findings were characteristic, with fever, abdominal pain and rebound tenderness. In 2 patients (20%) the presentation was atypical, without the complete triad described above. Finally in 3 (30%) SBP was silent, without any suggestive clinical manifestations of infection. In 7 cases (70%) cultures were positives; Streptococcus pneumoniae (3 cases), Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus negative coagulase, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae (one case each). In 7 (70%) SBP cases, the patients were admitted already infected in the hospital. Lethality in the SBP group was 30% and in the sterile ascites was 13.3%. We concluded that SBP is a frequent cause of morbid-lethality in patients with ascites and chronic hepatopathy, presenting itself often in a typical clinical manifestations.
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PMID:[Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: occurrence in chronic liver disease patients in Recife]. 184 42

The pathways and physiology of lymph absorption (LA) from the peritoneal cavity are well documented; however, much uncertainty still exists as to the various clinical and demographic factors affecting LA. We studied LA measured by the albumin instillation method, in adult Chinese CAPD patients, and showed that it was independent of age, sex, body surface area, duration of dialysis, intrinsic renal disease, use of intraperitoneal drugs (heparin/antibiotics/deferroxamine) and frequency of past bacterial peritonitis. High lymph absorbers had a relatively higher transcapillary cumulative ultrafiltration than low lymph absorbers. An enhanced LA was associated with a high initial intraperitoneal volume. Assessment of diaphragmatic strength by the decrement in vital capacity on changing from an erect to a supine position failed to distinguish patients with high and low LA.
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PMID:Factors affecting lymphatic absorption in Chinese patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). 185 72

Intra-abdominal sepsis may be caused by intestinal bacteria or by skin bacteria. In the largest series of patients studied in trials of quinolones, anti-anaerobic drugs were included in the therapeutic regimen. Several small series have reported success without the concomitant use of anti-anaerobic drugs. The balance of evidence at present suggests that the quinolones referred to in this report should be supplemented with anti-anaerobic drugs in the treatment of peritonitis related to bowel disease. Quinolones alone have been highly effective in the treatment of peritonitis associated with chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and biliary sepsis. Notwithstanding this success, the potential for an anaerobic aetiology in biliary sepsis and bacteremia must be borne in mind. Lack of clinical efficacy may be associated with resistant bacteria including streptococci. Quinolones offer a relatively non-toxic alternative in the management of intra-abdominal sepsis as well as being cost-saving since early discharge from hospital on oral medication is possible.
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PMID:Treatment of intra-abdominal infections with quinolones. 186 93

In course of acute bacterial peritonitis in rats, the authors observed an active role of the macrophages of the spleen, well explaining the important defensive function of this organ against infection.
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PMID:Splenic morphological changes in acute peritonitis: experimental observations in rats. 186 1

Serum concentrations of cancer antigen 125 (CA 125) were determined for 373 patients with various liver diseases: 57 with acute hepatitis, 57 with chronic hepatitis, 244 with liver cirrhosis (86 compensated and 158 decompensated), and 15 with primary liver cancer. The antigen was measured simultaneously in the serum and ascitic fluid of 46 of the patients with liver cirrhosis and sequentially in the serum and ascitic fluid of another 25 cirrhotics treated with paracentesis and (or) diuretics. Abnormal results for CA 125 were detected in sera from 4% of the patients with acute or chronic hepatitis, 60% of the patients with liver cirrhosis, and 67% of the patients with primary liver cancer. The main factor associated with abnormal serum concentrations of this antigen was the presence of ascites, with pathological CA 125 values in 94% of patients with ascites without jaundice (mean 566 +/- 528 arb. units/mL), compared with only 40% of patients with jaundice and without ascites (mean 40.1 +/- 28.5 arb. units/mL) (P less than 0.001). High concentrations of CA 125 were mainly associated with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. The serum concentration of CA 125 decreased after treatment with paracentesis, but increased in patients treated with diuretics rather than paracentesis. The release of this antigen in liver cirrhosis appears to be independent of the liver disorder and, rather, results from peritoneal synthesis of this antigen.
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PMID:Cancer antigen 125 in serum and ascitic fluid of patients with liver diseases. 186 98

Fluoroquinolones may be a good alternative for the treatment of bacterial peritonitis in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritonitis dialysis (CAPD). To test their efficiency against Gram-positive bacteria, we treated with intraperitoneal (i.p.) ciprofloxac in 30 episodes of Gram-positive bacterial peritonitis without manifest tunnel infection of the peritoneal catheters. Treatment was sustained for 5 days, then orally for 10 further days. Clinical and bacteriological responses were satisfactory in 25 cases, but resolution of infection was slow in 5 cases of Staphylococcus aureus. The minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations were 0.0625-0.50 and 0.125-1.0 micrograms/mL respectively, lower than the plasma and dialysate concentrations of the drug. Side effects were negligible. We conclude that ciprofloxacin provides a good therapeutic alternative to more widely used antibiotics for the empirical treatment of peritonitis in patients undergoing CAPD. However, combinations of antibiotics may be necessary, in Staphylococcus aureus peritonitis.
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PMID:Ciprofloxacin in the treatment of gram-positive bacterial peritonitis in patients undergoing CAPD. 191 18

Functional activity of peritoneal macrophages of 50 patients with end-stage renal failure on intermittent peritoneal dialysis (IPD) and of 30 control subjects with normal renal function was determined. Phagocytosis of latex particles by macrophages of dialyzed patients was significantly lower as compared with the controls. Further depression of the phagocytic activity was observed during bacterial peritonitis. Macrophages from the dialyzed patients also showed nonsignificantly decreased functional expression of Fc receptors (FcR) and increased spontaneous nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction.
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PMID:Functional characteristics of peritoneal macrophages of renal failure patients on peritoneal dialysis. 191 21

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) fluids are known to suppress the reactions of inflammatory cells in vitro. PD-fluids have also been shown to have cytotoxic influence on mesothelial cells. The combinations of these factors may have a detrimental effect on the peritoneum or may impair cellular defence against bacterial peritonitis. Some authors have discussed the relevance of heat sterilization to both so-called peritoneal side-effects and to chemical decomposition of fluids. Four commercial PD-fluids and one laboratory-made PD-fluid were tested for cytotoxicity on a cultured fibroblast cell line, L-929. Cytotoxicity was determined as an inhibition of cell growth by quantification of total protein. The laboratory-made PD-fluid was sterilized either by filtration or by filtration and heat. The commercial and the heat-sterilized laboratory made PD-fluids caused significant inhibition of cell growth (53 to 76%) in contrast to saline and the filter-sterilized laboratory-made PD-fluid. Since the pH values of all the testsolutions were neutral, low pH was not the cause of toxicity. Our results regarding the L-929 cells indicate that the cytotoxicity of PD-fluids is of a general nature. Furthermore, the results indicate that the heat sterilization process might be partially responsible for causing toxicity in PD-fluids.
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PMID:Toxicity of peritoneal dialysis fluids on cultured fibroblasts, L-929. 192 Nov 58


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