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Query: UMLS:C0341503 (bacterial peritonitis)
 1,303 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two episodes of hepatic encephalopathy developed in a 64-year-old man with cirrhosis during the course of hospitalization. The first event was precipitated by spontaneous bacterial peritonitis; the second occurred four weeks later and was associated with a massive fecal impaction, an unreported precipitant. No other potential causes were demonstrated. Symptoms promptly resolved following disimpaction.
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PMID:Hepatic encephalopathy precipitated by fecal impaction. 44 80

The effective compliance (C) of the "low-pressure system" has been measured in ten patients with bacterial peritonitis by means of plotting pressure and volume on the first postoperative day (deltaV = 500 ml/10 min). The value of C is decreased in one group of patients, while it increases to as much as five times that of "normal patients" in the other. The cause might be a summation effect of hypovolemia, blood volume shift from intra- to extrathoracic space, and endotoxin reaction on the tone of vascular smooth muscle. The augmentation of the intravascular volume results in an increase of portal venous pressure, which is less than central venous pressure. Splanchnic pooling through increased vascular resistance does not appear.
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PMID:[Effects of bacterial peritonitis on the low-pressure system in man]. 45 51

Bacterial peritonitis is an unusual complication of ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt for hydrocephalus. This complication, usually associated with peritoneal cysts of perforated viscus, may occur as the first manifestation of shunt infection. Early recognition of this form of bacterial peritonitis and appropriate antibiotic therapy may avert major abdominal surgery in selected cases.
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PMID:Bacterial peritonitis in patients with ventriculoperitoneal shunt. 45 42

Pasteurella multocida has been the etiologic agent in at least three cases of "spontaneous" bacterial peritonitis (SBP). We report another patient with P. multocida bacteremia and SBP and suggest that there may be more than a chance association between cirrhotic liver disease and this unusual organism which rarely causes sepsis in man.
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PMID:Pasteurella multocida bacteremia associated with peritonitis and cirrhosis. 60 99

During a five year period, 28 episodes of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis were documented. The number of cases recognized annually increased during the study period. Clinical and laboratory features of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis were similar to those previously reported; however, mortality was considerably lower (57 per cent). Factors associated with adverse prognosis were increasing hepatic encephalopathy, more than 85 per cent granulocytes in peripheral blood or ascitic fluid, total bilirubin greater than 8 mg/dl and serum albumin less than 2.5 g/dl. Temperature greater than 38 degrees C was associated with increased survival. Infection by enteric organisms was associated with higher mortality than infection by nonenteric organisms. Unexpectedly, patients with bacteremia fared no worse than those whose blood remained sterile. The data suggest that in patients with leukocyte counts greater than 1,000 cells/mm3 and more than 85 per cent granulocytes in their ascitic fluid, the likelihood of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis is high. Such patients deserve empiric antibiotic therapy pending the results of appropriate cultures.
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PMID:Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. A review of 28 cases with emphasis on improved survival and factors influencing prognosis. 64 25

Cefamandole was evaluated as the sole antimicrobial agent used to treat bacterial peritonitis in 113 patients. Dosage varied between 1 and 2 g given intravenously every 6 hr. Laparotomy for excision of infected or gangrenous tissues, closure of gastrointestinal perforations, or drainage of an established abscess was required in 99 of the cases. A good clinical response was obtained in 107 patients, or 95% of the total group. Of the six deaths only one could be attributed to infection. No evidence of renal, hepatic, or hematopoietic toxicity was noted. There were no allergic reactions, although 13 patients (12%) developed phlebitis in a vein used for antibiotic administration. Bacteriological studies revealed aerobic peritonitis in 99% of the patients, with anaerobe participation in 60% of these cases. Sensitivity testing by the disk diffusion and tube dilution methods confirmed the appropriateness of cefamandole therapy; 91% of the gram-negative rods and 61% of the anaerobes were susceptible. From results of this study, it would appear that cefamandole is a reliably effective antibiotic for use in treatment of most forms of acute peritonitis. Its role in surgical prophylaxis may be even more promising.
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PMID:Cefamandole in treatment of peritonitis. 64 95

Symptoms and signs of 18 patients with postoperative bacterial peritonitis were compared with the findings in uncomplicated postoperative cases. Their diagnostic values were examined: 1. Elevated temperature, hyperventilation, and somnolence are relevant, being indicative of bacterial peritonitis and already occurring before the typical findings on abdominal examination. 2. In those patients with peritonitis, hemodynamics, and metabolism are characterized by hyperdynamic circulation, premature arterial hypotension with dry warm skin, and lactate accumulation. 3. Laboratory data often reveal thrombocytemia, leucocytosis with shift to the left, and a relative and absolute hypophosphatemia.
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PMID:[Postoperative peritonitis. A contribution on diagnosis]. 65 96

In order to provide an alternative to maintenance home dialysis for patients remotely situated or who had vascular access failure, a parallel peritoneal dialysis (PD) program was developed in March 1972. Over four years, 36 patients started PD with the intention of carrying out home treatments. Thirty of the 36 succeeded and 22 completed at least six months of home treatments, seven have so far been treated for over one year. No neuropathy developed except in diabetic patients. No patient, including four who had undergone bilateral nephrectomy, was depenedent on blood transfusions. Predialysis serum creatinine values were questionably higher (p less than 0.07) in a group of six patients who at another time had been maintained on hemodialysis (HD). In this group serum albumin was (mean +/- 1 S.D.) 3.3 +/- 4 g/100 ml on PD and 3.8 g/100 ml on HD (p less than 0.05). Sixteen of the 36 patients had bacterial peritonitis on 22 occasions; the average incidence was once every 14 months of patient exposure. An epidemic of sterile peritonitis involving 40 episodes in 16 patients was resolved after machine techniques were changed. Catheter failure occurred in 15 of the 22 patients in the long-term group, but catheter replacement was not difficult.
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PMID:Automated peritoneal dialysis for home use. 71 69

Because of the paucity of studies establishing the accepted leukocyte count is sterile ascites, less than 300 WBC per mm3 with 25% polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes, peritoneal fluid WBC counts and bacterial cultures were studied in 63 consecutive hospitalized patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and ascities. In 58 culture-negative patients the ascitic fluid WBC count range was 28 to 1800 and 50% of counts were greater than 300 WBC per mm3. The percentage of PMN leukocytes ranged from 2 to 98%. Five patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), proven by positive cultures, had an ascitic WBC count range of 300 to 6320 WBC per mm3 and a PMN leukocyte range of 20 to 76%. Physical findings did not allow clear separation of the two groups. Anaerobic organisms were not found. It is concluded: (1) differentiation of SBP from sterile ascities relies on prompt ascitic fluid bacteriology; (2) the improved survival of 40% of SBP patients in this study may be related to an increased awareness of the entity and early treatment.
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PMID:The clinical value of ascitic fluid culture and leukocyte count studies in alcoholic cirrhosis. 76 88

Report on a female patient aged 29 with gramnegative bacterial peritonitis due to perforation of a postpyloric ulcer. A reduction of lung volume was observed, followed after 24 h by non cardiogenic interstitial and alveolar edema resulting in severe hypoxemia and hypercapnia with metabolic acidosis for 4 days. Return of gas exchange to physiological values was established prior to the restoration of normal lung volume. The pathophysiological mechanism of these phenomena is discussed.
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PMID:[Initial reduction of the lung volume and capillary escape syndrome in gram negative peritonitis]. 76 77


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