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Query: UMLS:C0341503 (bacterial peritonitis)
 1,303 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Complete loss of parietal peritoneal sensitivity observed in a patient with long-standing ascites secondary to cirrhosis of the liver prompted an investigation of peritoneal sensitivity in 22 patients with the same condition. In all of them a decrease of the peritoneal sensitivity to needle perforation was found. All perceived peritoneal perforation as less painful than perforation of the abdominal skin by the same needle. In 8 control patients perforation of the peritoneum caused more discomfort than the perforation of the skin. In 7 cirrhotic patients where a histologic examination of the parietal peritoneum was available a chronic fibrotic peritonitis was present. Peritoneal insensitivity may partly account for mild abdominal symptoms in cirrhotics developing bacterial peritonitis.
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PMID:[Diminished peritoneal pain perception in patients with liver cirrhosis and ascites]. 15 77

Hemophilus influenzae, usually pathogenic in the pediatric population, caused septicemia and peritonitis in the cirrhotic adult described here. Susceptibility to this unusual adult pathogen was perhaps related to liver disease or corticosteroid treatment. This organism has not previously been associated with the syndrome of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in an adult.
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PMID:Spontaneous peritonitis due to Hemophilus influenzae in an adult. 31 18

Our experience of 54 patients with end-stage renal failure, who were treated with intermittent peritoneal dialysis and compared with patients maintained by haemodialysis over the years 1972 to 1978, has been reviewed. All patients received peritoneal dialysis for more than six weeks. The total experience was 32.8 patient dialysis-years, 48% as home dialysis. Peritoneal dialysis was used as an interim procedure in 19 patients who were waiting for haemodialysis. However, in 35 patients (particularly in the very young and elderly, and in situations of poor social support), recurrent peritoneal dialysis was chosen as the definitive dialysis therapy. Dialysis was assessed as "adequate" in all, but two, patients. The major complication of peritoneal dialysis was peritonitis, although its over-all incidence of 1.31 episodes per patient dialysis-year was low. An attack of peritonitis occurred every nine months of patient exposure, though the incidence of bacterial peritonitis averaged only once every 26 months. Fifty per cent of patients never had an episode of peritonitis. Intermittent peritoneal dialysis was associated with greater morbidity and mortality than haemodialysis, perhaps due, in part, to the older age of the peritoneal dialysis group. Intermittent peritoneal dialysis is a valuable adjunct to haemodialysis and transplantation in the treatment of end-stage renal failure.
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PMID:Intermittent peritoneal dialysis in the treatment of end-stage renal failure. 31 61

Bowel anastomoses, as performed on 181 dogs, were studied: (1) by interposing segments of colon into small bowel and vice versa, (2) by comparing clean anastomoses to those contaminated by feces before and after suturing, (3) with and without parenteral preoperative antibiotic, and (4) with and without coaptation of an inverted serosa. All animals with a timed sacrifice as well as an unexplained death had careful autopsy. Results demonstrated no difference in the healing capacity of large (91%) versus small (92%) intestine under identical circumstances. Intraluminal bacteria were of importance only if spillage caused contamination during operation and thereby subsequent infection of the peritoneal surface of the suture line. Peritonitis preceded all 28 leaks, yet the converse never occurred. Likelihood of a complicating peritonitis (67%) and thus an anastomotic leak (24%) was significantly reduced through the preoperative administration of prophylactic cefazolin (19 and 4%, respectively). A "serosal seal" also appeared important in obviating suture line disruption. Our data emphasize the value of an inverted and serosal lined anastomosis, bowel preparatory measures, prophylactic antibiotic, and the disruptive action of local bacterial peritonitis.
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PMID:Factors involved in disruption of intestinal anastomoses. 31 13

The intraperitoneal instillation of noxythiolin in the treatment of peritonitis is widespread in clinical practice despite contradictory evidence as to its efficacy. In this light the value of noxythiolin was reappraised by studying its effect in guinea-pigs and mice with induced bacterial peritonitis. Treatment with a 1% solution of noxythiolin reduced the mortality rate of mice by 14% (P less than 0.1). The guinea-pig model proved unreliable giving inconsistent mortality rates throughout. Further studies are required to determine the optimum dose and concentration of noxythiolin while the search for more effective intraperitoneal antiseptics should continue.
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PMID:Effect of noxythiolin on experimental peritonitis. 34 81

Two patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis caused by Neisseria meningitidis are described. In both cases immediate diagnosis was possible by examination of the ascitic fluid. Meningococcal peritonitis supports the hypothesis that the hematogenous spread of bacteria into the ascitic fluid may be one of the mechanisms of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.
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PMID:Spontaneous meningococcal peritonitis: a report of two cases. 41 18

The effect of laparotomy, intestinal resection, heparin and bacterial peritonitis on fibrinolysis of the peritoneum was evaluated in dogs. Heparin had no effect. Sterile laparotomy and intestinal resection severely, but incompletely, reduced fibrinolytic activity measured 24 hours after operation. Fibrinopurulent peritonitis induced by creation of a 10 centimeter long ischemic loop of the terminal part of the ileum abolished the fibrinolytic activity of the peritoneum almost completely. The data are consistent with findings that adhesion formation is inversely correlated with the fibrinolytic activity of the peritoneum. Untreated peritonitis abolished that activity by mechanisms as yet not elucidated. Heparin, which has been shown to reduce both adhesion-formation and the lethality of peritonitis, apparently does so by mechanisms independent of the intrinsic fibrinolytic system of the peritoneum.
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PMID:Fibrinolytic activity of the peritoneum during experimental peritonitis. 41 46

Cefamandole was evaluated as the sole antimicrobial agent used to treat bacterial peritonitis in 113 patients. Dosage varied between 1 and 2 g given intravenously every 6 hr. Laparotomy for excision of infected or gangrenous tissues, closure of gastrointestinal perforations, or drainage of an established abscess was required in 99 of the cases. A good clinical response was obtained in 107 patients, or 95% of the total group. Of the six deaths only one could be attributed to infection. No evidence of renal, hepatic, or hematopoietic toxicity was noted. There were no allergic reactions, although 13 patients (12%) developed phlebitis in a vein used for antibiotic administration. Bacteriological studies revealed aerobic peritonitis in 99% of the patients, with anaerobe participation in 60% of these cases. Sensitivity testing by the disk diffusion and tube dilution methods confirmed the appropriateness of cefamandole therapy; 91% of the gram-negative rods and 61% of the anaerobes were susceptible. From results of this study, it would appear that cefamandole is a reliably effective antibiotic for use in treatment of most forms of acute peritonitis. Its role in surgical prophylaxis may be even more promising.
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PMID:Cefamandole in treatment of peritonitis. 64 95

Symptoms and signs of 18 patients with postoperative bacterial peritonitis were compared with the findings in uncomplicated postoperative cases. Their diagnostic values were examined: 1. Elevated temperature, hyperventilation, and somnolence are relevant, being indicative of bacterial peritonitis and already occurring before the typical findings on abdominal examination. 2. In those patients with peritonitis, hemodynamics, and metabolism are characterized by hyperdynamic circulation, premature arterial hypotension with dry warm skin, and lactate accumulation. 3. Laboratory data often reveal thrombocytemia, leucocytosis with shift to the left, and a relative and absolute hypophosphatemia.
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PMID:[Postoperative peritonitis. A contribution on diagnosis]. 65 96

In order to provide an alternative to maintenance home dialysis for patients remotely situated or who had vascular access failure, a parallel peritoneal dialysis (PD) program was developed in March 1972. Over four years, 36 patients started PD with the intention of carrying out home treatments. Thirty of the 36 succeeded and 22 completed at least six months of home treatments, seven have so far been treated for over one year. No neuropathy developed except in diabetic patients. No patient, including four who had undergone bilateral nephrectomy, was depenedent on blood transfusions. Predialysis serum creatinine values were questionably higher (p less than 0.07) in a group of six patients who at another time had been maintained on hemodialysis (HD). In this group serum albumin was (mean +/- 1 S.D.) 3.3 +/- 4 g/100 ml on PD and 3.8 g/100 ml on HD (p less than 0.05). Sixteen of the 36 patients had bacterial peritonitis on 22 occasions; the average incidence was once every 14 months of patient exposure. An epidemic of sterile peritonitis involving 40 episodes in 16 patients was resolved after machine techniques were changed. Catheter failure occurred in 15 of the 22 patients in the long-term group, but catheter replacement was not difficult.
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PMID:Automated peritoneal dialysis for home use. 71 69


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