Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0341503 (bacterial peritonitis)
 1,303 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pasteurella multocida, a small, gram-negative coccobacillus , is part of the normal oral flora of many animals, including the dog and cat. P. multocida is the etiologic agent in a variety of infectious disease syndromes. We have reported 34 cases of infection caused by P. multocida and have reviewed the English literature. P. multocida infections may be divided into three broad groups: 1. Infections resulting from animal bites and scratches : The most common infections caused by P. multocida are local wound infections following animal bites or scratches . Cats are the source of infection in 60 to 80% of cases and dogs in the great majority of the remainder. Local infections are characterized by the rapid appearance of erythema, warmth, tenderness, and frequently purulent drainage. The most common local complications are abscess formation and tenosynovitis. Serious local complications include septic arthritis proximal to bites or scratches , osteomyelitis resulting from direct inoculation or extension of cellulitis, and the combination of septic arthritis and osteomyelitis, most commonly involving a finger or hand after a cat bite. 2. Isolation of P. multocida from the respiratory tract: The isolation of P. multocida from the respiratory tract must be interpreted differently than its isolation from other systemic sites. Most commonly P. multocida found in the respiratory tract is a commensal organism in patients with underlying pulmonary disease, but serious respiratory tract infections including pneumonia, empyema, and lung abscesses may develop. Most patients with respiratory tract colonization or infection have a history of animal exposure. 3. Other systemic infections: P. multocida is recognized as a pathogen in a variety of systemic infections including bacteremia, meningitis, brain abscess, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, and intra-abdominal abscess. P. multocida often acts as an opportunistic pathogen with a predilection for causing bacteremia in patients with liver dysfunction, septic arthritis in damaged joints, meningitis in the very young or elderly, and pulmonary colonization or invasion in patients with underlying respiratory tract abnormalities.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Pasteurella multocida infections. Report of 34 cases and review of the literature. 637 40

Despite widespread pneumococcal vaccination of children and adults, invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) remains prominent. Using our database of all Streptococcus pneumoniae infections at the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, since 2000, we reviewed cases of IPD, defined as the isolation of pneumococci from any normally sterile body site. In 136 cases, the mean age of patients was 63 years; 43% were African American, a higher proportion than the 30% served by our hospital. One hundred sixteen patients (85%) had pneumonia, of whom 3 also had empyema. Seven had bacteremia with no apparent source, 5 meningitis, 5 spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, 3 septic arthritis, 2 endocarditis, and individual patients had osteomyelitis and/or localized abscesses. One hundred twenty-one patients (89%) had > or =1 underlying condition associated with susceptibility to pneumococcal infection, and another 8 (6%) were aged >65 years old. Thus only 5% of patients lacked a condition for which 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) is recommended. Fifty-five percent had been vaccinated; similar proportions of vaccine serotypes infected previously vaccinated and nonvaccinated patients. All but 2 isolates were fully susceptible to penicillin and cefotaxime as currently defined. Consistent with substantial replacement of infecting serotypes since the introduction of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7), none of the predominant infecting serotypes was included in PCV7, although all except for 6A were contained in PPV23. The overall mortality at 30 days was 16% and was similar in vaccinated and nonvaccinated subjects. IPD causes a wide spectrum of disease. Mortality is substantial. PPV23 is clearly not fully protective.
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PMID:The spectrum of invasive pneumococcal disease at an adult tertiary care hospital in the early 21st century. 2082 10

Infections with Listeria monocytogenes can present clinically with a wide range of different organ manifestations such as gastroenteritis, meningoencephalitis or osteomyelitis, posing a serious threat, particularly to immunocompromised patients. We present the case of a 76-year-old female patient with advanced liver disease due to underlying haemochromatosis, who was admitted to the hospital with increasing abdominal pain. She was diagnosed with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis caused by infection with Listeria monocytogenes, which she had acquired after consuming contaminated cheese from a local supermarket chain. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case to describe Listeria-induced spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in a patient with haemochromatosis. Both end-stage liver disease and hereditary haemochromatosis on their own impair the local and systemic immune response, thereby representing predisposing factors for acquiring Listeria monocytogenes infection. This case demonstrates a rare organ manifestation of Listeria monocytogenes infection, which can be life-threatening if not diagnosed and treated adequately, and underlines the need to identify possible sources of infection in order to apply measures to prevent the further spread of the contaminated food.
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PMID:Listeria monocytogenes-induced bacterial peritonitis caused by contaminated cheese in a patient with haemochromatosis. 2176 62