Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0341503 (bacterial peritonitis)
 1,303 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Spontaneous peritonitis in adults has not been previously reported to occur in association with ascites of neoplastic origin. We report a patient with metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma in whom spontaneous streptococcus pneumonia peritonitis occurred as a terminal event. Massive metastases may have resulted in significant loss of the hepatic reticuloendothelial system and impaired the capability of the liver to function as an effective bacterial filter, predisposing the patient to bacterial peritonitis.
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PMID:Spontaneous streptococcus pneumonia peritonitis in a patient with metastatic gastric cancer: a case report and etiologic consideration. 87 Jan 72

The value of chemical (protein, LDH, glucose, total and differential cell count) and cytological examination of the ascitic fluid in the differential diagnosis of peritoneal ascites was assessed in a prospective study of 98 patients. The ascites caused by hepatic metastases and primary carcinoma were of the transudative type and could not be distinguished from the type caused by cirrhosis on the basis of the parameters examined. In contrast the ascites caused by peritoneal carcinosis was exudative presenting a highly significant (p less than 0.001 for all parameters) difference from the three preceding groups. However there was no clear-cut distinction between the groups: in fact cirrhosis patients may present exudative ascites (8% in the present series, 12-19% in the literature). There was a substantial decrease in ascitic fluid glucose (less than 60 mg/dl) only in peritonitis and its measurement is therefore of secondary importance. In contrast with reports by other authors the ratio between LDH and protein concentrations in the effusion and the serum was found to be insignificant. The cytological examination revealed a significantly higher total cell count in bacterial peritonitis with a prevalence of polymorphonuclear cells and in peritoneal carcinoma where mononuclear cells predominate. Finally cytology revealed malignant tumour cells in the ascitic fluid and neoplastic peritoneal effusions in 28% of the patients examined.
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PMID:[Chemical and cytologic tests in the differential diagnosis of ascites]. 382 20

It has been suggested that the hydrogen ion and lactate concentrations may be superior to the polymorphonuclear cell count (PMN) in ascitic fluid, in the diagnosis of bacterial peritonitis (BP). In order to compare the diagnostic accuracy of ascitic fluid measurements of pH, lactate, glucose and the PMN in BP, we analyzed the ascitic fluids of 70 consecutive patients in whom pH, lactate, glucose and the PMN count were measured in ascitic fluid and arterial blood. Fifty-one were cirrhotic patients with uninfected ascites, 14 had BP, one tuberculous peritonitis, two ascites secondary to peritoneal metastases and two with neoplastic liver involvement but without peritoneal metastases. Statistically, highly significant differences between patients with uninfected ascitic fluid and BP were observed for ascitic fluid PMN (122 vs. 2,686 per cu mm), ascitic fluid pH (7.45 vs. 7.24), arterial-ascitic fluid pH gradient (0.02 vs. 0.22), arterial lactate (12 vs. 25 mg per dl), ascitic fluid lactate (15 vs. 45 mg per dl) and arterial-ascitic fluid lactate gradient (-3 vs. -20 mg per dl). The most reliable diagnostic cutoff levels were determined for each of the parameters: PMN greater than 500 per cu mm; ascitic fluid pH less than 7.35; arterial-ascitic fluid pH gradient greater than 0.10; ascitic fluid lactate greater than 25 mg per dl; arterial-ascitic fluid lactate gradient less than -20 mg per dl; ascitic fluid glucose less than 60 mg per dl; arterial-ascitic fluid glucose gradient greater than 60 mg per dl.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The diagnosis of bacterial peritonitis: comparison of pH, lactate concentration and leukocyte count. 396 68

Lactate concentrations were measured in the ascitic fluid of patients using the Monotest Lactate Kit, an inexpensive, reliable bedside test that gives results within 15 min. The values were significantly higher in 24 patients with proven bacterial peritonitis, eight of them with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, than in 53 patients with uninfected ascites of various other etiologies. In only two patients from the latter group, both with hepatic carcinoma and peritoneal metastases, were the values in the range found in bacterial peritonitis. Lactate determination was at least as sensitive as measurement of WBC levels for diagnosing peritonitis. Serial determinations in two patients with peritonitis showed declining values as the disease responded to treatment. The test has particular relevance for patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, because this disease, which is potentially life-threatening although frequently asymptomatic, requires immediate treatment, yet currently depends on time-consuming culture procedures for diagnosis.
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PMID:Measurement of lactate in ascitic fluid: an aid in the diagnosis of peritonitis with particular relevance to spontaneous bacterial peritonitis of the cirrhotic. 730 56

Dendritic cells (DC) represent a potential target for gene therapy. In their ability to process antigens and present them to T cells, DC have been allocated a unique role as initiators of the immune response in both the innate and acquired immunity. Recent in vitro studies have showed the feasibility of DC transduction with adenoviral recombinants. In cancer therapy, targeting of DC with adenovirus has been proved to be effective in inhibiting tumour growth, as well as in reducing the number of tumour metastases. The aim of our study is to evaluate the feasibility of in vivo transduction of DC in a murine lymphocyte-rich compartment (thymus) as a potential treatment for acute inflammatory diseases. Nearly 50% of the total thymic DC were transduced with a first-generation adenoviral construct following intrathymic injection, and post-transductional inflammation was neglectable. Transduction of thymic cells with adenoviral recombinants was able to induce the expression of an intracellular protein (beta-galactosidase, green fluorescent protein), as well as the secretion of human interleukin-10, within the local compartment. Furthermore, this induction of the latter significantly decreased thymic apoptosis in the applied model of acute bacterial peritonitis (cecal ligation and puncture).
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PMID:In vivo transduction of thymic dendritic cells with adenovirus and its potential use in acute inflammatory diseases. 1585 12

A 56-year-old man was diagnosed to have a huge gastric cancer extending from the lesser curvature of the stomach to the pancreas with multiple hepatic and peritoneal metastases. Two days after completing chemotherapy with cisplatin plus high dose leucovorin and fluorouracil, drastic necrotising tumour lysis led to gastric perforation and septic shock most likely due to bacterial peritonitis. The image of tumour lysis looked like an emphysematous pancreatitis. Afterwards, immunohistochemical study of the tumour specimen confirmed moderate positivity of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase and absence of Bcl-2 expression. The incomplete expression of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase and total deficiency of Bcl-2 are considered to be the main underlying causes of such extraordinary chemosensitivity and so severe a tumour lysis phenomenon. Pre-emptive intensive survey of possible biomarkers of chemosensitivity is thus highly recommended upon treating a massive gastric cancer.
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PMID:Chemotherapy-induced necrotising tumour lysis and perforation of a huge gastric cancer simulating emphysematous pancreatitis. 3258 69