Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0341503 (bacterial peritonitis)
 1,303 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cefotaxime has in the past decade proved to be a most useful agent. It has established the efficacy and safety suggested in the early in vitro, pharmacological and clinical papers. It remains an excellent agent to treat many community and hospital-acquired respiratory infections, urinary tract infections, meningitis, particularly in pediatrics, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and selected abdominal and gynecological infections.
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PMID:Cephalosporins--cefotaxime 10 years later, a major drug with continued use. 179 Oct 75

This article reviews the published clinical experience of the use of the third-generation cephalosporins in the treatment of rare infections. Rare infections are defined as those caused by unusual pathogens or multi-resistant organisms as well as those occurring in unusual or pharmacologically protected body sites. Examples of such infections are uncommon causes of meningitis and ventriculitis, brain abscess, rare causes of bacterial endocarditis, metastatic Salmonella infections, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and liver abscess, late complications of Lyme borreliosis, uncommon Pseudomonas infections, and post-reconstructive surgery Aeromonas cellulitis. Although these data are largely anecdotal, they form a useful body of information, providing guidance on the management of similar problems encountered by other doctors, while suggesting areas of further investigation for the management of a variety of unusual infections with the third-generation cephalosporins.
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PMID:Third-generation cephalosporins in the treatment of rare infections. 218 6

Bacterial infection is a serious and often fatal complication of patients with liver disease and can prove fatal either directly or by precipitation of gastrointestinal bleeding, renal failure, or hepatic encephalopathy. At greatest risk are patients with alcoholic cirrhosis or decompensated chronic liver disease, or cases of acute liver disease who progress to fulminant hepatic failure or subacute hepatic necrosis. Infection appears to be unusual in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. The site and type of infection is unrelated to the aetiology of the liver disease. Bacteraemia, pneumonia, urinary tract infection and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis are most common but infective endocarditis and meningitis, especially with pneumococci, are easily overlooked. Clinical suspicion of infection must be high as the only indication may be a general deterioration in the patients' clinical state, increasing encephalopathy or renal impairment. In the case of patients with fulminant hepatic failure, infection may precipitate the initial or recurrent encephalopathy and contributes to death in 10% of fatal cases. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis is now recognized to occur in the absence of clinical features of peritonitis. The PMN content of the ascitic fluid may provide the only indication of infection and is the most readily available screening test. The most common types of organism responsible for all types of infection are Gram-negative enteric and streptococci, especially pneumococci, while infection with anaerobes is rare. Risk factors for infection include decompensated alcoholic liver disease, fulminant hepatic failure, gastrointestinal bleeding, invasive practical procedures and impaired host defence mechanisms against infection. Of the host defence mechanisms, impaired function of the reticuloendothelial system, complement, and PMNs represent the most common and serious defects. Defects of humoral immunity are present in ascitic fluid from patients with cirrhosis and are probably a major reason for development of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Diuresis improves these functions and reduces the risk of peritonitis. Treatment of infections even with the appropriate antibiotic is still associated with a high mortality but the use of adjuvant gut sterilization is promising, particularly in cases infected with Gram-negative enteric organisms. Infusions of fresh frozen plasma, blood and cryoprecipitate improve some systemic host defences and may be beneficial in the treatment and reduction of risk of infection.
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PMID:Bacterial infections complicating liver disease. 265 49

Pasteurella ureae is uncommonly isolated from patients and rarely causes disease. The case of a patient with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis caused by P. ureae is described and contrasted with other reported cases of P. ureae colonization and infection. Respiratory colonization has been described in older patients, predominantly men, with underlying lung disease consisting principally of bronchitis, bronchiectasis, and tumors. Only 11 patients (including the present patient) have been reported to have illness with P. ureae. Seven had meningitis, two had pneumonia, and one had hepatitis. Skull fracture, alcoholism, and liver disease are common antecedents of P. ureae infection.
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PMID:Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis caused by Pasteurella ureae. 381 35

Pasteurella multocida, a small, gram-negative coccobacillus , is part of the normal oral flora of many animals, including the dog and cat. P. multocida is the etiologic agent in a variety of infectious disease syndromes. We have reported 34 cases of infection caused by P. multocida and have reviewed the English literature. P. multocida infections may be divided into three broad groups: 1. Infections resulting from animal bites and scratches : The most common infections caused by P. multocida are local wound infections following animal bites or scratches . Cats are the source of infection in 60 to 80% of cases and dogs in the great majority of the remainder. Local infections are characterized by the rapid appearance of erythema, warmth, tenderness, and frequently purulent drainage. The most common local complications are abscess formation and tenosynovitis. Serious local complications include septic arthritis proximal to bites or scratches , osteomyelitis resulting from direct inoculation or extension of cellulitis, and the combination of septic arthritis and osteomyelitis, most commonly involving a finger or hand after a cat bite. 2. Isolation of P. multocida from the respiratory tract: The isolation of P. multocida from the respiratory tract must be interpreted differently than its isolation from other systemic sites. Most commonly P. multocida found in the respiratory tract is a commensal organism in patients with underlying pulmonary disease, but serious respiratory tract infections including pneumonia, empyema, and lung abscesses may develop. Most patients with respiratory tract colonization or infection have a history of animal exposure. 3. Other systemic infections: P. multocida is recognized as a pathogen in a variety of systemic infections including bacteremia, meningitis, brain abscess, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, and intra-abdominal abscess. P. multocida often acts as an opportunistic pathogen with a predilection for causing bacteremia in patients with liver dysfunction, septic arthritis in damaged joints, meningitis in the very young or elderly, and pulmonary colonization or invasion in patients with underlying respiratory tract abnormalities.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Pasteurella multocida infections. Report of 34 cases and review of the literature. 637 40

The diagnosis of septic infections of closed body cavities requires a careful search. Traditional laboratory tests such as Gram's stain, white cell count, and protein and glucose levels are often inconclusive. Measurement of lactic acid in cerebrospinal, synovial, pleural, ascitic, and bursal fluids has been utilized to distinguish bacterial from nonbacterial infections. The present review summarizes the current status of lactic acid measurement in the differential diagnosis of meningitis, arthritis, empyema, bacterial peritonitis, and bursitis.
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PMID:Clinical utility of lactic acid measurement in body fluids other than plasma. 644 45

Sepsis due to Streptococcus pneumoniae has a high mortality. We report a retrospective review of 40 episodes of S pneumonia sepsis in adult patients during a two year period in a general hospital, that represented 11.3% of all sepsis observed in such hospital. Ninety two percent of infections were community acquired and in 95%, the portal of entry was the respiratory tract. Eighty five percent of patients had at least one risk factor such as alcohol abuse, unconsciousness or chronic pulmonary disease. Nine patients had suppurative complications (empyema in 4 cases, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in 2, septic arthritis in 2 and meningitis in 1 case) and 12 (30%) died. The potential benefit of antipneumococcal vaccine as prevention should be considered in high risk subjects.
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PMID:[Streptococcus pneumoniae septicemia. Analysis of 40 cases]. 765 13

Listeria monocytogenes is a gram-positive coccobacillus that produces infections in both the normal and the compromised host. Symptomatic bacteremia and pulmonary infection or meningitis are the most common clinical presentations in adults. According to a current review of the literature, Listeria is a rare bacteria that may produce spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (23 cases reported). Listeria peritonitis occurs in more than two-thirds of the cases in patients with chronic liver disease, but may also occur in patients with malignancy or undergoing peritoneal dialysis. We describe two cases of SBP in cirrhotic patients, one with alcoholic cirrhosis and other due to HCV infection. One patient also presented with acute meningitis. Peritonitis due to Listeria was clinically and analytically similar to any SBP. Third-generation cephalosporins commonly used in the therapy of SBP, are ineffective in this infection. Ampicillin is the drug of choice, although it should be used in combination therapy usually with an aminoglycoside. The mortality from Listeria peritonitis is similar to that of other SBP (17%).
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PMID:[Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis caused by Listeria monocytogenes]. 856 97

PCT is a new highly sensitive and specific marker of bacterial and fungi infection--to be used in differential diagnosis at Infectious Diseases Departments. Author in this paper presents structure and mechanism of stimulation of PCT as a factor of "early infection's fase" for many infectious agents: bacteria, fungi, viruses and parasites. PCT may be found useful in diagnosing diseases; for ex.: sepsis, meningitis, inflammation of respiratory system, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SPB) and other local inflammatory foci (otitis media, endocarditis). PCT level is low in systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and multiorgan dysfunction syndrome (MODS) of non-infectious origin (< 0.5 ng/ml), medium in case of localized infections (1.0-2.0 ng/ml) and in severe cases of disseminated infections (sepsis-->SIRS-->MODS) high (approximately 20 ng/ml).
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PMID:[Usefulness of plasma procalcitonin (PCT) estimation to diagnose patients in departments of infectious diseases]. 1292 30

Transient bacteremia associated with various endoscopic procedures is a well-documented phenomenon. Clinically important bacteremias are very rarely seen, however, this malady has significant morbidity in susceptible patients with valvular heart disease, liver cirrhosis, malignancy and immune deficiency. This bacteremia is a complication that is generally observed secondary to upper endoscopy and other associated invasive procedures in at risk patients, and the more serious manifestations include spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, septic arthritis, meningitis, brain abscess and infective endocarditis. Infective endocarditis is an extremely rare complication of gastrointestinal endoscopy, and it has been convincingly documented in only seven cases. We report a case of native valve endocarditis due to Streptococcus intermedius in a patient with valvular heart disease as a consequence of routine upper endoscopy.
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PMID:Subacute bacterial endocarditis associated with upper endoscopy. 1551 8


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