Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0341503 (bacterial peritonitis)
 1,303 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 34-year-old woman with acute pain in the lower abdomen and a history of non-A-non-B-hepatitis underwent laparotomy. A diffuse light redness of the small bowel without ascites was the only abnormal finding. An appendectomy was performed. The patient deteriorated into a sepsis during the next 60 hours. Relaparotomy established acute diffuse peritonitis with ascites and without any apparent intra-abdominal source of infection. Tracheal, blood, and intraperitoneal cultures of both procedures grew group A streptococci and proved a haematogenous spread of the infection. The sepsis was successfully treated with antibiotics and peritoneal lavage. The course of the infection and the findings are discussed and the case is interpreted as a spontaneous bacterial peritonitis without ascites.
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PMID:[Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis without ascites]. 139 74

Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive bacillus that is pathogenic in both the normal and compromised host. We describe Listeria peritonitis and cerebritis in a patient with cirrhosis due to non-A, non-B hepatitis, and review the 11 other cases of Listeria peritonitis reported in the English-language literature. Listeria is a rare cause of peritonitis in debilitated, older patients, with two-thirds of the cases occurring in patients with chronic liver disease. Listeria peritonitis may also occur in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis, or in those with malignancy. Peritonitis due to Listeria is clinically similar to spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, and is associated with fever, variable abdominal pain, and neutrocytic ascites; bacteremia commonly accompanies Listeria peritonitis. This syndrome can be successfully treated with antimicrobial drugs, although the third-generation cephalosporins commonly used in the therapy of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis are not recommended. Ampicillin may be the drug of choice, with combination therapy with an aminoglycoside reserved for cases that do not respond to ampicillin alone.
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PMID:Listeria monocytogenes peritonitis: case report and literature review. 144 54

Endogenous bacterial endophthalmitis occurred in a hepatitis B virus carrier during an episode of severe hepatitis complicated by anaerobic septicemia and possible spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. This may well represent another complication of severe hepatitis with anaerobic bacteremia.
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PMID:Endogenous septic endophthalmitis in severe acute hepatitis with septicemia. 176 44

We present herein the case of a 16-yr-old girl with fulminant Wilsonian hepatitis. Complications included renal tubular damage, hemolysis, marked hypocomplementemia and hypergammaglobulinemia, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, and Candida sepsis. The difficulties in diagnosis and treatment are discussed.
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PMID:Fulminant Wilsonian hepatitis: difficulties in diagnosis and treatment. 337 23

Pasteurella ureae is uncommonly isolated from patients and rarely causes disease. The case of a patient with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis caused by P. ureae is described and contrasted with other reported cases of P. ureae colonization and infection. Respiratory colonization has been described in older patients, predominantly men, with underlying lung disease consisting principally of bronchitis, bronchiectasis, and tumors. Only 11 patients (including the present patient) have been reported to have illness with P. ureae. Seven had meningitis, two had pneumonia, and one had hepatitis. Skull fracture, alcoholism, and liver disease are common antecedents of P. ureae infection.
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PMID:Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis caused by Pasteurella ureae. 381 35

Cirrhosis of the liver results from a variety of mechanisms that cause progressive hepatic injury. It is the sixth leading cause of death in all patients between the ages of 35 and 55. This study attempts to correlate the morbidity and mortality of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in liver failure patients to numerous etiologic and clinical variables. A retrospective review of 26 patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis associated with chronic liver disease was performed in a university hospital. Demographics (age and gender), clinical variables (etiology of liver failure, Child's classification, prior history of ascites, fever, abdominal pain, encephalopathy, and upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage), and laboratory variables (ascitic polymorphonuclearcyte count and cultures, serum albumin, bilirubin, creatinine, and prothrombin time) were studied. All of the patients had Child's C liver disease. Mortality rate was 46 per cent. Alcohol (46%) and hepatitis (30%) were the most common etiologies. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the most common culture isolates. All of the infections were monomicrobial. The only significant predictor of mortality (P < 0.05) in this study was the peritoneal fluid polymorphonuclear (PMN) cell count. PMN count >1000 PMN/mm3 was associated with a mortality of 88 per cent. Few patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis are ultimately transplanted.
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PMID:Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in liver failure. 984 34

Subacute hepatitis and liver failure occurred in a 40-yr-old woman following a 1-month course of treatment with the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug bromfenac. Serologies for hepatitis A, B, and C were negative, as were antinuclear antibodies and ceruloplasmin. A transjugular liver biopsy demonstrated submassive hepatic necrosis. The clinical course was complicated by encephalopathy, fluid retention, and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, prompting consideration for liver transplantation. With supportive measures, jaundice and fluid retention resolved over a 3-month period. We conclude that prolonged use of bromfenac was the etiological agent in this case, and that this drug can cause severe hepatotoxicity resulting in liver failure.
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PMID:Severe hepatotoxicity associated with bromfenac sodium. 1023 25

The gut and the liver are the key organs in nutrient absorption and metabolism. Bile acids, drugs, and toxins undergo extensive enterohepatic circulation. Bile acids play a major role in several hepatic and intestinal diseases. Endotoxins deriving from intestinal Gram-negative bacteria are important in the pathogenesis of liver and systemic diseases. Chronic liver diseases can influence gastrointestinal motility, which together with other factors may contribute to bacterial overgrowth and in patients with ascites to an increased risk of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Patients with end-stage liver disease frequently develop portal hypertension leading to varices, gastric vascular ectasia, and portal hypertensive gastroenteropathy. Several liver and biliary abnormalities are observed in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (primary sclerosing cholangitis, autoimmune hepatitis, cholelithiasis). The primary defect in hemochromatosis is located in the intestine, causing an inappropriate increase in iron absorption, and the liver is the site of earliest and heaviest iron deposition. Elevated transaminases are observed in many patients with celiac disease, and steatohepatitis frequently develops in patients with jejunoileal bypass and short bowel syndrome. Furthermore, the liver is the primary organ for metastasis of intestinal cancer. Many viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic diseases affect the intestine as well as the liver and the biliary tract.
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PMID:Gut-liver axis. 1085 47

Childhood liver disorders have, in general, mode of presentations which are distinct from that in adult population. It is due to varying etiology and natural history of the liver diseases in childhood. Chronic hepatitis B and C can be managed with alpha interferon. Remission rates in children have been reported to be between 20-58%. Recently available lamuvidine has also been used in combination with interferon therapy. Oral chelation therapy and liver transplantation have radically affected the outcome of patients with Wilson's disease. Corticosteroids and immunosuppressive therapy are effective in reducing both morbidity and mortality due to auto-immune hepatitis. Offending carbohydrates are eliminated from the diet of patients with galactosemia and hereditary fructose intolerance. The most important and often neglected component of management of chronic liver diseases in childhood are nutritional management and prompt interventions for ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, portal hypertension and hepatic encephalopathy. With definitive etiological and histological assessment and institution of specific as well as supportive therapy, children with chronic liver disease can have a prolonged survival with improved quality of life. Several of them can potentially receive the liver transplant as and when it becomes available.
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PMID:Management of chronic liver disease. 1113 57

Phlegmonous colitis (PC) is an acute infectious entity caused by bacteria. In this study, we reviewed 8,822 autopsy cases and found 13 cases of PC (0.15%). PC affected 2.43% of patients with hepatic cirrhosis or subacute liver atrophy, both of which were considered to be due to hepatitis viral infection. Before autopsy, none of the cases studied was suspected to involve PC, irrespective of the immediate cause of patient death. Thirteen autopsy cases showed some or all of the following pathohistologic characteristics: (1) involvement of the cecum (9 cases, 76.9%), (2) phlegmonous inflammatory changes and edema in the submucosa (100%), (3) bacterial infection (100%), (4) no microscopically detectable mucosal injuries (12 cases, 92.3%), and (5) acute serositis (peritonitis) (2 cases, 15.4%). These results suggest that PC is an unrecognized, but fatal complication of patients with some hepatic diseases and that PC has pathohistologic characteristics in common with previously reported spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in animal models. PC probably arises due to spontaneous infection in patients with hepatic cirrhosis.
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PMID:Phlegmonous colitis: a specific and severe complication of chronic hepatic disease. 1119 78


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