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Query: UMLS:C0338671 (Steroids)
 9,479 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and estrone sulfate (E1S) are two of the most abundant steroids in the human circulation. The enzyme steroid sulfatase (STS) cleaves the sulfate group of DHEAS and E1S leading to biosynthesis of endogenous hormones such as testosterone and estrone. In the current study we aimed at determining the effect of E1S and DHEAS on estrogen receptor (ER) and androgen receptor (AR) transactivation. Using luciferase reporter gene assays, the ER and AR transactivities of E1S and DHEAS were determined by direct cell exposure; as well as upon extraction from human serum using a method to extract perfluorinated alkyl acids (PFAAs). By direct cell exposure, both E1S and DHEAS transactivated the ER and the AR in dose-dependent manners. The DHEAS-induced AR transactivity could be abolished by the STS inhibitor STX64. Immunoassay analysis confirmed the presence of E1S and DHEAS in the serum PFAA extracts with mean recoveries below 2.5%. For the PFAA extracts of human male and female serum, only the AR was significantly transactivated. The AR transactivity of the sulfated steroids in the extracts was abolished by STX64 to obtain the net PFAA induced xenohormone transactivity, but further cleanup might be needed at high concentrations of E1S.
Steroids 2016 Jan
PMID:Estrone sulfate and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate: Transactivation of the estrogen and androgen receptor. 2666 59

Sulfated steroid hormones, such as dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate or estrone-3-sulfate, have long been regarded as inactive metabolites as they cannot activate classical steroid receptors. Some of them are present in the blood circulation at quite high concentrations, but generally sulfated steroids exhibit low membrane permeation due to their hydrophilic properties. However, sulfated steroid hormones can actively be imported into specific target cells via uptake carriers, such as the sodium-dependent organic anion transporter SOAT, and, after hydrolysis by the steroid sulfatase (so-called sulfatase pathway), contribute to the overall regulation of steroid responsive organs. To investigate the biological significance of sulfated steroid hormones for reproductive processes in humans and animals, the research group "Sulfated Steroids in Reproduction" was established by the German Research Foundation DFG (FOR1369). Projects of this group deal with transport of sulfated steroids, sulfation of free steroids, desulfation by the steroid sulfatase, effects of sulfated steroids on steroid biosynthesis and membrane receptors as well as MS-based profiling of sulfated steroids in biological samples. This review and concept paper presents key findings from all these projects and provides a broad overview over the current research on sulfated steroid hormones in the field of reproduction.
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PMID:The role of sulfated steroid hormones in reproductive processes. 2739 37


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