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Query: UMLS:C0314719 (dry eye)
 2,625 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The hypotensive effect of Timolol eye drops (0.25 and 0.50%) in maintenance treatment of 64 patients with elevated intraocular pressure has been studied. The patients were treated for a period of mean 13 months. In 44 patients mostly comprising ocular hypertensives, a significant reducation in IOP (32%) could be maintained with Timolol alone (P less than 0.001). In patients with a high starting baseline pressure of previous maladjustable glaucoma it was necessary to start combined treatment. Pilocarpine, epinephrine or acetazolamide appeared to have additive pressure-lowering effect to Timolol. A significant correlation was present between pre-treatment and Timolol treated intraocular pressures. Thus a pre-treatment IOP above 25 mmHg may indicate a critically hypotensive effect below an IOP of 20 mmHg with Timolol alone. No significant interfernce with visual acuity, pupullary size, blood pressure, or pulse rate was noted. Existing visual field defects in three patients were slightly aggravated and in four patients, with a pathological optic disc, visual field loss developed. In seven patients transient sensations of dry eyes and rose-bengal staining dots on the cornea developed.
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PMID:Timolol in maintenance treatment of ocular hypertension and glaucoma. 54 4

A double-masked cross-over comparison of the ocular hypotensive effect in 19 glaucoma patients between timolol 0.5% - a non-selective beta-blocking agent - and metoprolol 3% - a beta 1-selective blocking agent - disclosed a greater pressure lowering effect (mean 9%, median 7% more) with timolol in a treatment period of 1 month. In patients on timolol treatment 47% - 60% of the eyes could be controlled on an IOP level less than 20 mmHg compared to 34% - 47% of the eyes treated with metoprolol. Metoprolol induced a transitory burning sensation in the eyes of 58% patients compared to 26% treated with timolol. Possible signs of dry eyes manifestations as measured by break-up time, rose bengal and fluorescein 1% staining, tear osmolality and Schirmer test I developed in both the timolol (4 patients) and metoprolol (3 patients) treated group. No significant influence on blood pressure and heart rate was observed. In none had the visual field or visual acuity deteriorated at the end of the study.
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PMID:Timolol and metoprolol in glaucoma. A comparison of the ocular hypotensive effect, local and systemic tolerance. 703 54

A detailed ophthalmic evaluation including slitlamp biomicroscopy, measurement of corneal sensitivity using Cochet and Bonnet aesthesiometer, Schirmer's test and Goldmann applanation tonometry was carried out in 89 patients of Hansen's disease attending the leprosy clinic with or without ocular symptoms and willing to undergo eye evaluation. Thirty-one patients had lepromatous leprosy (8 with erythema nodosum leprosum), 56 patients had borderline disease (13 with reversal reactions) and 2 had tuberculoid disease. In addition to the well documented changes of lagophthalmos (6.7%), uveitis (7.3%) and cataracts (19%), we noted prominent corneal nerves in 133 eyes (74.7%), beaded corneal nerves in 19 eyes (10.7%), corneal scarring in 10 eyes (5.6%), corneal hypoaesthesia in 51 eyes (28%) and dry eye in 18 eyes (13%). Beaded corneal nerves and/or stomal infiltrates occurred mainly in the lepromatous group (75%). Ocular hypotony (IOP less than 12 mm Hg) was not seen more frequently in Hansen's as compared to age and sex matched controls with refractive errors or cataracts (33.7%, vs. 37.8%, p = 0.33). Our study highlights the primary corneal involvement with corneal neuropathy as the predominant feature of Hansen's disease.
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PMID:Ocular manifestations of Hansen's disease. 783 91

Long term use of topical anti-glaucoma drugs has been shown to induce chronic conjunctivitis, superficial punctate keratitis (SPK) and dry eye symptom. Under these conditions, a loss of goblet cells in conjunctiva, epithelial squamous metaplasia and apoptosis were morphologically revealed. Benzalkonium Chloride (BKC), a most frequently used preservative in eye drops, has been found to be an important factor causing ocular surface damage. Furthermore, a big challenge for ophthalmologists is that toxic damage of medication to ocular surface tissues is mild, poor specificity, and delayed manifestation in patients, especially when coexisting with other ocular surface diseases. Impairment of ocular surface tissues greatly impacts the life quality of patients and subsequently influences compliance with glaucoma therapy. This paper emphasizes to take measures to prevent ocular surface tissue damage resulted from chronic use of topical anti-glaucoma drugs and further discusses the treatment strategy. Effective and long-lasting action drugs should always be selected for glaucomatous patients in order to decrease the frequency of topical instillation or at a more expensive medication, a fixed combination formula can be considered for glaucoma therapy. An early surgery or laser treatment is also proposed for the patients who require an IOP reduction with an existing ocular surface impairment. Future investigation and development of new medications with long-term efficacy and appropriate BKC are suggested and preservative-free or drugs with new preservative materials recommended.
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PMID:[Challenge and treatment strategy for ocular surface damage in patients with long term use of antiglaucoma drugs]. 2142 37