Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0314719 (dry eye)
 2,625 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Dry eye is the most common cause of chronically red, irritated eyes. Thus, in cases of chronic conjunctivitis dry eye must be excluded. The noncritical use of vasoconstrictive eye drops and/or corticosteroids is obsolete. Up to now the diagnosis of dry eye has been based on a combination of the patient's history, slit-lamp examination, determination of tear film break-up time, the Schirmer test and basic secretion test. Unfortunately, there is enormous deviation in all of these tests, which means that they provide poor diagnostic reliability. Dry eyes are rarely associated with systemic diseases, e.g. Sjogren's syndrome. This autoimmunological disease is often first diagnosed by the ophthalmologist. Quantitative or qualitative deficiencies of one or more layers of the complex tear film can result in dry eyes, but inflammatory agents or primary ocular surface diseases may also be involved. Within the next few years analyses of tear-film proteins, toposcopy, tear-film fluorophotometry, impression cytology and corneal epithelial fluorophotometry may prove to be reliable tests for the detection of dry eye. The improved mucomimetic quality of artificial tears, the avoidance of toxic preservatives, tear production stimulants (eloisin, physaelamin), fibronectin or the epithelial growth factor may facilitate the management of dry eye.
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PMID:[The dry eye. Status determination and prospects]. 208 2

Primary Sjogren's syndrome is an autoimmune disorder characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of the salivary and lacrimal glands, producing associated dry eyes (keratoconjunctivitis sicca), dry mouth, and intermittently swollen salivary glands. A high proportion of the infiltrating B lymphocytes express surface and cytoplasmic Ig bearing a kappa-L chain-associated CRI defined by reactivity with the murine mAb, 17.109. To determine the structural basis for CRI expression in this disease, we generated CRI+ lymphoblastoid cell lines and a cDNA library from lymphocytes extracted from Sjogren's syndrome patients' salivary gland biopsy specimens. Nucleic acid sequence analyses of the mRNA of one such 17.109-CRI+ lymphoblastoid cell line (NOV) reveals the expressed kappa light chain variable region gene (V kappa gene) to be homologous to Humkv325, a conserved V kappa gene used at relatively high frequency in certain B cell malignancies. In addition, synthetic oligonucleotides, corresponding to the first and third frameworks and the second complementarity determining region of the Humkv325 gene, were used to identify and isolate clones from a cDNA library generated from SS salivary gland lymphocytes. Clones annealing specifically with one or more of these oligonucleotide probes contained kappa light chain cDNA. The sequences corresponding to the variable region of two clones (Taykv320 and Taykv306) were homologous to Humkv325. The V kappa genes of four other cDNA clones (Taykv322, Taykv310, Taykv308, and Taykv312) most likely were generated somatically from the rearranged Humkv325 gene through a limited number of nucleic acid base substitutions. Our results suggest that the high frequency of 17.109-CRI expression in Sjogren's syndrome patients results from a multiclonal expansion of B cells using Humkv325, and that the expressed Humkv325 may undergo somatic diversification in an apparent Ag-driven response.
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PMID:Molecular characterization of a major autoantibody-associated cross-reactive idiotype in Sjogren's syndrome. 254 6

We have studied 42 unselected patients with a clinical diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) for clinical and laboratory features of Sjogren's syndrome (SS). The MS patients in this study had similar demographic/epidemiologic features as those previously reported in the literature. The most striking features of the MS patients suggesting a SS diathesis was the presence of dry eyes (xeropthalmia) in six (14%). Although 2/6 of the symptomatic patients and 6/36 of the asymptomatic patients had abnormal tear production (Schirmer's test) this was accounted for by the concomitant use of anti-cholinergic medication. None of the MS patients had autoantibodies (SS-A/Ro, SS-B/La, rheumatoid factor) thought to be characteristic of SS. We conclude that SS, either in isolation or occurring in combination with MS, is uncommon in an MS outpatient setting.
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PMID:An analysis of the frequency of Sjogren's syndrome in a population of multiple sclerosis patients. 264 69

Primary Sjogren's Syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by dry eyes and dry mouth due to lymphocytic infiltration of lacrimal and salivary glands. Biopsies of their salivary glands provided an opportunity to characterize the phenotypic and functional properties of inflammatory site lymphocytes. We found that the salivary gland lymphocytes (SGL) of SS patients differed from the peripheral blood lymphocytes of the same patients because: a) SGL lacked lymphocytes reactive with anti-Leu-7 and anti-Leu-11 monoclonal antibodies; b) SGL lacked natural killer (NK) activity; and c) SGL lacked the ability to suppress polyclonal B cell responses in the presence of complement fragment C3a, a function that requires the presence of Leu-7+ cells. These studies also showed that the SGL of SS patients differed from tonsillar lymph node (LN) lymphocytes of immunologically normal individuals because tonsillar LN contained Leu-7+ T cells, and tonsillar LN could suppress polyclonal B cell responses in the presence of the complement fragment C3a. The absence of this regulatory subset in the salivary glands of SS patients may contribute to pathogenesis, because these cells may be important in the suppression of polyclonal antibody synthesis and in the elimination of neoplastic or viral infected cells.
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PMID:Salivary gland lymphocytes in primary Sjogren's syndrome lack lymphocyte subsets defined by Leu-7 and Leu-11 antigens. 392 2

Acute ocular lesions are usual during Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (T.E.N.) and may induce persistent alterations. These were thought to be of cicatricial nature. 26 patients recovering from TEN had a systematic ophthalmological follow-up of at least six months after the acute stage (mean: 3 years). 11 of 26 patients (42%) exhibited a dry eye, associated in 7 with decreased salivary flow. The sicca syndrome appeared during the acute phase of TEN or, more often, a few weeks later. The reduction of the lacrymal flow induced corneal lesions in all 11 patients and 6 patients suffered permanent visual impairment. Biopsies of labial accessory salivary glands showed a lymphocytic infiltration of the glandular tissue in 5 of 7 cases. In 2 cases the lymphocytic infiltrate was nodular, grade III of Chisholm's classification, considered as pathognomonic of Sjogren's syndrome. The occurrence of Sjogren-like syndrome in patients recovering from TEN suggests an auto-immune pathogenesis for TEN, and is one more analogy between TEN and graft-versus-host disease.
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PMID:[Ocular complications of Lyell's syndrome: recent concepts apropos of 26 cases]. 405 15

Primary Sjogren syndrome is an autoimmune condition in which dry eyes (keratoconjunctivitis sicca) and dry mouth (xerostomia) result from lymphocytic infiltration of lacrimal and salivary glands. Clinical and laboratory features of 60 primary Sjogren syndrome patients seen at our clinic during the past three years are presented. These patients illustrate the wide spectrum of extraglandular features that may occur as a result of lymphoid infiltration of lung, kidney, skin, stomach, liver, and muscle. They further emphasize the difficulty in classifying a patient as primary or secondary Sjogren syndrome (ie, sicca symptoms associated with systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, or scleroderma), particularly early in the disease course. As an initial step in understanding the pathogenesis, the lymphocytes that infiltrate the salivary glands and lymph nodes were characterized by using monoclonal antibodies that recognize distinct lymphocyte subsets and by using in vitro functional assays. These studies have demonstrated that affected tissues have infiltrates of T cells with helper/inducer activity and with a high frequency of "activation antigens." The immunohistologic techniques are useful in differentiating "benign" and "pseudolymphoma" lesions (both due predominantly to T cells) from non-Hodgkin lymphoma (usually due to B-cell infiltrates). Although there is no "cure" for primary Sjogren syndrome patient's symptoms may be significantly improved by measures aimed at prevention of ocular and dental complications and by the recognition of extraglandular features that may be amenable to specific treatment.
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PMID:Primary Sjogren syndrome: clinical and immunopathologic features. 639 27

A 69 year old Chinese housewife presented with periorbital puffiness, and dry eyes and mouth. Subsequent investigations confirmed the presence of Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Sjogren's syndrome and orbital lymphoma. This unusual combination is discussed with reference to previous publications.
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PMID:Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Sjogren's syndrome and orbital lymphoma. 802 68

We analyzed patients with dry eye syndrome with regard to autoimmune conditions. A total of 116 patients with dry eye syndrome were divided into three groups: simple dry eye (SDE), i.e., dry eye with no circulating autoantibodies; autoimmune positive dry eye (ADE), dry eye with circulating autoantibodies; and Sjogren's syndrome (SS), dry eye associated with Sjogren's syndrome. Schirmer test showed values of 3.0 +/- 2.2 mm in SDE, 3.1 +/- 2.0 mm in ADE, and 2.4 +/- 2.3 mm in SS reflecting the inadequacy of this test in differentiating among the groups. However, Schirmer test with nasal stimulation showed values of 19.1 +/- 12.4 mm in SDE and 16.4 +/- 10.9 mm in ADE, which were significantly higher than the 7.0 +/- 6.6 mm found in SS (p < 0.01). Moreover, ocular surface alterations evaluated by vital staining and brush cytology were significantly milder in SDE and ADE than in SS. SDE and ADE have less ocular surface abnormalities with good reflex tearing, whereas SS has less reflex tearing and more squamous metaplasia.
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PMID:Three different types of dry eye syndrome. 803 68

The treatment of xerosis [dry eye] registered a major advance with the diversion of Stenon's canal to the conjunctival sac, as proposed by Filatov-Chevaliev in 1951. This operation, however cannot be undertaken, unless the salivary secretion is normal. In Sjogren's syndrome, where salivation is equally deficient, extra-corporal irrigation remains the unique solution. The setting required for the continuous supply of artificial tears, however, present serious problems: the installation and location of a reservoir, creation of a smooth working, portable mechanism of propulsion as well as the tubular conduction to the eye, without risk of injury to the latter. The creation of a subcutaneous canal paved with oral mucosa, temporal to the outer canthus, as proposed by Charleux, provided the solution for the last point: the safe instillation to the eye. Whereas the numerous devices proposed so far to ensure a constant and dosable supply of artificial tears, have not given full satisfaction in practice. The simplified setting, above described, consisting of a saline unit placed high in the fez, has given proof of efficiency; the irrigation of the eye depending here on gravity, the motor and its multiple risks are eliminated. Accessibility, easy manipulation and the local guise of the proposed setting renders it particularly acceptable to the patient in the East.
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PMID:[A simple setting for continuous irrigation in Charleux surgery for dry eye]. 809 Oct 34

Over 100 cases of disorders closely resembling classic autoimmune diseases have been reported among patients who were injected or implanted with a diverse group of chemicals including paraffins, vegetable oils or silicone. Most cases have occurred in silicone breast implant recipients, especially those who received their prostheses 2-10 years prior to onset of symptoms. A high proportion of patients exhibit classic signs and symptoms of Sjogren's syndrome or scleroderma. Affected patients typically experience some combination of fatigue, myalgia, joint pain, sicca syndrome (dry eyes and mouth), synovitis, rash, alopecia, muscular weakness or lymphadenopathy, and autoantibody formation. Less commonly, patients may have the CREST syndrome (calcinosis, Raynaud's phenomena, esophageal hypomotility, sclerodactyly and telangiectasias), hypertension, pulmonary fibrosis, or central nervous system pathology.
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PMID:Silicone-reactive disorder: a new autoimmune disease caused by immunostimulation and superantigens. 828 1


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