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Query: UMLS:C0312414 (Spotting)
 88 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The clinical effects and the contraceptive effectiveness of a monophasic preparation containing 30 mg ethinylestradiol and 75 mg gestodene per tablet were assessed in a study of 115 healthy adolescents (mean age, 18.5 +or- 2 years) covering a total of 712 menstrual cycles (mean of 8 cycles per patient). There was a number of cases of discontinuation of the study (70/115), mainly due to poor discipline in tablet intake in this particular age group. Only 20 cases discontinued the study for medical reasons. No pregnancies occurred, in spite of the fact that tablets were frequently forgotten (11% of cycles). 88% of cycles presented a normal bleeding pattern from the 2nd month of treatment on. Spotting was sporadic (less than 8% from the 2nd cycle) and was mainly associated with tablet omission. Intermenstrual bleeding (breakthrough bleeding) occurred in 19% of the 1st menstrual cycles but only in 5% of the 2nd and following cycles. Tenderness of the breast was the most frequent subjective complaint (3.4% of cycles), followed by urogenital problems, headaches, and digestive disorders. However, all complaints remained sporadic (13.4% of cycles). The systolic blood pressure showed little variation, with only a slight increase from 123 to 125 mmHg after 6 months of treatment. Though not clinically important, an increase in diastolic blood pressure was observed (76-82 mmHg after 6 months). The patients showed a tendency to gain weight (54.4-56.7 kg after 6 months). It should be borne in mind, however, that this study was carried out in growing adolescents. It can be concluded, therefore, that this preparation is an effective contraceptive in spite of an inadequate use in 11% of cycles. The observed side effects were sporadic and not serious, indicating that the balance of this hormone combination was not too estrogenic or too progestogen-androgenic. Unjustified interruptions of the treatment were due to the young age and the low degree of compliance in this particular age group.
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PMID:Clinical tolerance of a combined monophasic contraceptive agent containing a low-dose of ethinyloestradiol and gestodene in adolescents. 832 45

Manufacturers have steadily been decreasing the amounts of estrogen and progestin in oral contraceptives (OCs) in an effort to enhance safety and tolerability while preserving contraceptive efficacy. A new formulation containing 20 microg ethinyl estradiol (EE) and 100 microg levonorgestrel (LNG)--representing the lowest available contraceptive dose of each hormone--has undergone extensive clinical testing in the United States and Germany. A total of 1590 women in 61 centers received 20 microg EE and 100 microg LNG for 6 cycles. Overall, 4 pregnancies possibly related to treatment failure were reported, reflecting an overall Pearl Index (number of pregnancies per 100 woman-years of treatment) of 0.65 and a failure rate of 0.34%. Cycle control was typical of low-dose OC use. Spotting and breakthrough bleeding occurred most commonly during the earlier cycles in each study. Adverse events were typical of those seen with OC use and led to study discontinuation in 6.6% of the women. Intermenstrual bleeding was the cause for early study withdrawal in 2.6% of women. The study results suggest that the combination of 20 microg EE and 100 microg LNG offers the benefits of low hormone content with good contraceptive efficacy, cycle control, and tolerability.
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PMID:International clinical experience with a new low-dose, monophasic oral contraceptive containing levonorgestrel 100 microg and ethinyl estradiol 20 microg. 1009 Apr 29

As part of a wider evaluation of the Multiload Copper 250 IUD, bleeding patterns were studied longitudinally during the 1st year following insertion in 150 women. The women were menstruating regularly and had not been pregnant or on hormone or intrauterine contraception in the preceding 2 months. Detailed counseling was given, including instruction on collection of menstrual data. The mean age of the patients was 28 years (19-35) and mean parity was 2-3; none was nulliparous. 12 subjects could not be contacted after insertion and were not considered further. At 12 months, there were 11 terminations: pain and/or bleeding, 2; other medical reasons, 1; accidental pregnancy, 1; planning pregnancy, 5f other personal reasons, 1; and lost to follow-up, 1. Following device insertion menstrual duration was initially increased, followed by a fall to levels which were not significantly different from preinsertion values after about 6-9 months of use. Similar trends were noted when menstrual bleeding and spotting were separately analyzed. The mean number of bleeding days decreased from 4.5 during the first 90 days to 4.2 and then 3.9, respectively, in the last 2 segments; the corresponding figures for menstrual spotting were 3.5, 2.8, 2.7, and 2.8 days. Intermenstrual bleeding and spotting were common after insertion but their frequency rapidly decreased with time. To a large extent, bleeding disturbances determine IUD acceptability. Thus, its perceived improvement would tend to encourage continued use and suggests that the potential risk of anemia in longterm users need not necessarily be serious.
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PMID:Menstrual flow duration and spotting following Multiload Copper 250 intra-uterine device insertion. 1227 48