Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0312414 (Spotting)
 88 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The frequency of first-trimester vaginal bleeding among 670 women with chromosomally normal fetal losses and 219 women with chromosomally abnormal losses was compared with that among 3089 women delivered at term. Vaginal bleeding early in gestation was predictive of pregnancy outcome in that moderate or heavy bleeding was associated with a fourfold risk of the loss of either chromosomally normal or abnormal conceptions. Spotting or slight bleeding was associated with a 2.7-fold risk of the loss of a chromosomally normal conception but was not associated with the loss of chromosomally abnormal conceptions when all abnormalities were categorized together.
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PMID:First-trimester vaginal bleeding and the loss of chromosomally normal and abnormal conceptions. 368 68

The contraceptive efficacy of norethindrone (NET) fused pellets was evaluated over 12 months in a Phase II clinical study with three and four pellets, each pellet containing 35 mg of NET. Volunteers were healthy, fertile, sexually active women. The release rate of NET from three and four pellets, respectively, was 150.3 +/- 7.2 micrograms and 212.5 +/- 8.6 micrograms NET/day. Following the implantation of NET pellets, serum NET levels did not show any 'burst effect' and were sustained at levels between 0.4 and 0.6 ng NET/ml serum with three pellets and 0.6-0.7 ng NET/ml serum with four pellets. With three and four pellets, respectively, 40% and 27% of the women had normal menstrual cycles; 20% and 14% were amenorrheic; 27% and 37% had mid-menstrual spotting or bleeding; and 13% and 22% had prolonged episodes of bleeding. Cardiovascular, hepatic, and renal functions were normal throughout the study. Ovulation was inhibited in 85% and 92% of the cycles with three and four pellets, respectively. In women using three pellets, two pregnancies occurred, one at the 6th cycle and another at the 12th cycle. In women using four pellets, no pregnancies occurred during the entire period of study.
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PMID:Contraceptive efficacy of bioabsorbable pellets of norethindrone (NET) as subcutaneous implants: phase II clinical study. 384 14

652 women (80% postpartum) who received 300 mcg daily doses of quingestanol acetate (W 4540) for an average of 9.6 cycles were observed during a 3-year study conducted by Ramon Sarda Maternal and Children's Hospital of Buenos Aires. Of 16 pregnancies, 6 were attributed to drug failure for a rate of 3.1/100 woman-years. It was found that menstrual cycle length, duration, and amount of flow were consistent with normal cycles. Amenorrhea was observed in 65% of the patients and in 24% of the cycles. 35% of all patients had at least 1 case of intermenstrual bleeding. Spotting was reported in 32% of the patients and in 6% of the cycles. Except for headaches (8% of the cases, 2% of total cycles) no significant side effects were experienced. 92% of the women are still on treatment. Quingestanol acetate (300 mcg daily) was found to be clinically safe and effective for postpartum patients.
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PMID:Evaluation of the contraceptive efficacy of quingestanol acetate (W 4540) when administered as an oral low-dose conraceptive in the puerperium. 455 82

Use of Depo-Provera for contraception during the postpartum period is reported. Contraceptive efficiency of 100% for more than 6 months was observed after injections of 150 mg on the 5th day postpartum and after 3 months. Estragenital and lactation side effects were negligeable. Spotting was observed in 21 patients, and bleeding in 7. Physiological amenorrhea continued to the 7th month in 24 patients. The authors believe that depoprovera is particularly indicated, and has fewer side effects, in the puerperium.
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PMID:[Use of Depo Provera as a contraceptive in the puerperium]. 473 12

Clinical experience with Eugynon as a contraceptive in 50 women, inc luding 40 lactating patients (540 cycles) and in the treatment of dysmenorrhea and cycle irregularities in 23 women (79 cycles) is reporte d. No pregnancy was observed in either group. In the contraceptive group, only slight changes in duration and volume of the menstrual flow were noted. Spotting was occasionally observed in the first few cycles; amenorrhea and breakthrough bleeding were not seen. No effects on lactation, liver function, or cardiovascular function, and other side effects were minimal. Results in patients with menstruation disorders were good: no menstrual complaints were reported and cycles were regulated. The authors compare Eugynon favorably with higher-dosed preparations.
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PMID:[Clinical studies in United Arabic Republic with SH 850 (Eugynon), a low dose oral contraceptive, with special reference to its effect on lactation]. 547 23

A 5-yr retrospective study is presented of 168 consecutive patients operated on for ectopic pregnancy during 1977-1981, showing the prevalent features and trends of this disorder and its diagnosis. The overall incidence was 1.48% of deliveries, with a range of 1.00-2.34%. The number of unruptured cases (52.1%) in the series reflects the low gestational age. Some of the problems (and benefits) commonly associated with early diagnosis are surveyed. The presenting symptoms at arrival are compared between patients with an IUD in situ (33.3%) and those without, and between patients with a delay in diagnosis (47.6%) and those without. The use and the results of the diagnostic procedures are also compared between the latter two groups. An absence of clear amenorrhoea was significantly more common (P less than 0.005) in IUD-users than in non-users. Spotting was almost significantly more common (P less than 0.025) among patients with a delayed diagnosis than in those who underwent an operation on the first day seen. It is shown that patients whose diagnosis was delayed had had significantly more often either curettage (P less than 0.001) or an ultrasound examination which (in spite of a positive pregnancy test) did not show an intrauterine pregnancy (P less than 0.005) than those whose diagnosis was not delayed. It is emphasized that the physician should be on the alert in excluding the possibility of ectopic pregnancy in IUD patients and suspected spontaneous and threatened abortions, especially. In such cases an active laparoscopy is again recommended.
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PMID:Problems and benefits in early diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. 623 91

The Biograviplan (IUD) is a therapeutic system which, from a reservoir of 52 mg progesterone, permits the programmed release of the hormone within the uterus. It provides effective contraception over a period of 24 months. Spotting, intensified and prolonged menstrual bleeding can, in common with other IUDs, occur initially. Later, hypomenorrhoea and, occasionally, also silent menstruation extending over up to 3 cycles, can be seen. Dysmenorrhoea and menstrual pain are markedly reduced as compared with other IUDs. No intrauterine pregnancy was observed, but several extrauterine pregnancies occurred. Patients should be carefully selected for such a device, which can be recommended in particular for women with primary dysmenorrhoea or hypermenorrhoea.
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PMID:[The progestasert system--a 24-month-long active spiral. Clinical experiences with an intrauterine progesterone-releasing system]. 638 90

750 cycles of treatment with a new triphasic oral contraceptive (OC), (WL-49(50), Trinordiol), containing the lowest quantity of steroids of all available preparations were evaluated in 75 healthy young women (mean age 19.6 years). 70% of all young women had normal, regular menstrual cycles. 65% had not used contraception previously, and the others had previously taken combined or progestogen only OCs or had an IUD. The mean length of treatment with the triphasic preparation was 10 cycles. Routine clinical evaluation, including gynecological examination, weight and blood pressure measurement, assessment of cycle events, and recording of spontaneously reported side effects, was performed every 3 months. Cycle control during triphasic OC use was very good. There was a statistically significant trend of the cycles toward more regularity than prior to this type of contraception, with an increased frequency of 28-day cycles. Duration of menses was significantly reduced and menstrual volume was more frequently rated by the women as normal. Spotting and breakthrough bleeding showed a very low frequency, the latter accounting for less than 10% of intermenstrual bleeding during triphasic OC medication. Frequency of side effects was 53.3% (40 women) during triphasic OC use. 20% of the population reported side effects among the reasons for stopping triphasic OC use. Breast tenderness was the most frequent side effect recorded in almost 9% of the total number of treatment cycles. It affected 21% of the women under study, a significantly more frequent occurrence than before triphasic OC use in these individuals. The tendency of this symptom to improve was observed in more than half of the cases within 3 months use of triphasic OC use. Other signs of estrogenic dominance such as gastrointestinal disturbances, vaginal discharge, pelvic congestion, and leg cramps were also present but much less prominent than breast tenderness. 16 (21.3%) patients presented with breast tenderness for 67 (8.9%) cycles. Nausea and vomiting were experienced by 6 (8%) patients for 28 (3.7%) cycles. Vaginal discharge was present in 10 (13.3%) patients for 33 (4.4% cycles). Spotting and breakthrough bleeding occurred in 6 (8%) women for 14 (1.9% cycles). Absence of change in weight was recorded in 1/3 of the women studied; another 1/3 experienced a weight reduction of 1-4 kg and the last 1/3 gained 1-4 kg. There were no statistically significant variations in either systolic or diastolic blood pressure values.
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PMID:Clinical experience with a triphasic oral contraceptive ('Trinordiol') in young women. 640 57

Highlights of papers presented at an international symposium on advantages and risks of oral contraceptives, and the details of the results of 2 studies are discussed. 1 study compared the effects of a combination of 30 mcg of ethinyl estradiol and 150 mcg of levonorgestrel with a reduced dose 3-phase combination of these hormones; it involved 489 women with 2777 menstrual cycles for a 6-month period. No pregnancies occurred. Missed menstruation occurred in 0.9% of the cycles with the 3-phase combination, contrasted with 2.3% of the 30/150 mcg combination group. Bleeding disorders were more frequent in the 30/150 pill group (15.7% vs. 10.1%). Spotting occurred in 8% of cases in both groups. The 3-phase pills proved to be safe and were preferred because they caused less bleeding. Another study compared the effects of 2 Swedish-made contraceptives by administering Neovletta (N) to 50%, Trionetta (T) to 25%, and Trionetta 28 (T 28) to another 25% of the 862 women with 6472 menstrual cycles who participated at 12 family planning centers in Sweden. T and N contain the same amount of estrogens, but T contains 40% less gestagen than N. The T 28 treatment also included 7 placebo tablets. Results showed that only 1 pregnancy occurred in the T group, despite a high rate of failure to take the pills (8.1-9.4%). Menstruation was normalized in both the N group (90.4%) and the T group (94.2%) reaching the normal 28 (+ or - 2) days cycle. Missed menstruation occurred in 0.6% of the T group as opposed to 2.3% of the N group. There was a significant difference in spotting and irregular bleeding between the 2 groups: 6.3%-15.8% for N and 3.0-9.0% for T. Also, there was a higher rate of bleeding problems for T 28 than for T. 8.6-8.8% of women in both groups quit the experiment because of complications, e.g., bleeding, nausea, headache, and hypertension. Both pills proved to be reliable and safe, but the new 3-phase preparation, T, is recommended because it does not reduce the beneficial HDL cholesterol as does N.
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PMID:[Report from an international symposium about advantages and risks of oral contraceptives. Amsterdam, March 1982]. 692 Nov 98

The advantages of the microdose progestogen-only approach to contraception include: low hormonal intake, non-inhibition of ovulation, and nonadministration of exogenous estrogen. Results of pilot trials with 2 regimens are reported. Medication A was given to 80 women and consisted of 30 mcg levonorgestrel taken daily on days 5-14 of the menstrual cycle, followed by a combination of 500 mcg norgestrel with 50 mcg ethinyl estradiol taken daily on days 15-24. The Medication B group (101 women) took 30 mcg levonorgestrel on days 5-14 and 150 mcg levonorgestrel with 30 mcg ethinyl estradiol daily on days 15-24. Detailed medical histories and physical and laboratory examinations were used to screen patients with contraindications to hormonal contraceptives. The patients in both groups were young healthy married women, all had previous pregnancies, and the majority were white. The women kept diaries of pill intake, sexual intercourse, bleeding, and symptoms and returned for follow-up monthly for 6 months. 493 cycles were studied for Medication A and 792 with Medication B. In 36 patients in the Medication B group, measurements of high density lipoproteins and cholesterol were taken on admission and on the 21st day of the 3rd and 6th cycles. For Medication A, a total of 179 days (1.8%) of intermenstrual bleeding was reported. Breakthrough bleeding was reported by 27.5% of the patients, occurring in 6.5% of the cycles. Spotting for this group was reported by 26.3% in 6.1% of the cycles. For Medication B, 210 days (1.4%) of intermenstrual bleeding was reported. Breakthrough bleeding was reported by 25.7% of the group in 4.4% of the cycles; 13.9% reported spotting in 4.0% of the cycles. 3 patients in each group discontinued for medical reasons including headache and nervousness in the Medication A group, and breakthrough bleeding in the Medication B group. 2 pregnancies occurred in the Medication B group, each patient had missed the 10th microdose tablet and 1 also missed the 9th tablet. For all symptoms (e.g., headache, nervousness, dysmenorrhea) more women reported the occurrence of the symptom before treatment than during treatment. The mean values for cholesterol and high density lipoproteins in the 36 sampled patients remained within normal range but small decreases were noted. Better cycle control was suggested with Medication B but the results were not submitted to statistical analysis because the groups were small and not random. The data also suggest that the incidence of intermenstrual bleeding might be reduced by the administration of 1 additional combination tablet in each cycle. Further investigation is needed for clarification.
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PMID:Progestogen-only microdose followed by estrogen-progestogen combination, a new approach to oral contraception. 712 33


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