Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0312414 (Spotting)
 88 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pregnon is a new low-dosage ovulation-inhibiting agent containing 1 mg of lynestrenol and .05 mg of ethinyl estradiol in each tablet. It is also marketed under the name of Pregnon 28 or Ovostat 28 in which each package contains 22 active plus 6 placebo tablets. Data were collected from Belgian clinics and evaluated by the Medical Unit of Organon in Belgium and the Netherlands. During this study, 639 women of fertile age were monitored through 9159 cycles. The maximum period of treatment was 36 cycles. Clinical and gynecological examinations were made before treatment and then every 2 or 3 months. Treatment was begun by taking the 1st tablet on the 1st day of menstruation. After taking 22 tablets there was a 6-day tablet-free interval during which withdrawal bleeding usually occurred. The intensity of the withdrawal bleeding was normal in 57.3%, slight in 41.7%, and heavy in 1%. Spotting was noted in 3.1% of the cycles and breakthrough bleeding occurred in 2.9%. Usually they occurred in the first 3 cycles. Amenorrhea was observed in 2.9% of the cycles. Body weights were relatively unchanged. Blood pressures remained the same. Side effects were headache, nausea, vomiting, breast tenderness, heavy legs, leucorrhea, nervousness, depression, and decreased libido. Only 46 patients discontinued treatment because of these drug effects yielding an acceptability level of about 93%. Since no pregnancies occurred during this study, the Pearl index was 0.
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PMID:Clinical evaluation of a new oral contraceptive, 'Pregnon'. 114 83

Until now, endometrial ablation (EA) included at least three steps: (1) D & C or hysteroscopic endometrial sampling; (2) Danazol treatment; and (3) the ablation. We have found that step (2) can be omitted if EA is performed between days 2-7 of the menses. This permits to combine steps (1) and (3) into a single stage EA which is a very simple, feasible, efficient and safe treatment for dysfunctional bleeding. Simple: because one stage without hormonal pretreatment, causing almost no pain and only a minimal time off work. It is not more of a burden than D & C with hysteroscopy. General anaesthesia is used in 94% of our patients. Feasible: in one case only (GOPO) the cervix could not be dilated wide enough. Efficient: good results in 97.5%: 67% complete amenorrhea, 24% slight menstrual spotting for a maximum of 2 days, 6% reduced flow and 0.5% normal flow. There are 2.5% failures. When menorrhagia is accompanied by otherwise unexplained dysmenorrhea, the pain is completely cured in 73%, unchanged in 7% and greatly improved in 20%. Safe: mild complications in 2.5% only. We have also combined the two main methods of endometrial destruction: electrocoagulation and Nd/Yag laser. Our 97.5% good results, however, is not a definite proof that a combination of these two techniques is better than either technique alone.
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PMID:One-stage endometrial ablation: results in 200 cases. 156 72

Cycle control was studied comparing the monophasic oral contraceptive Loestrin with three low-dose phasic preparations (Triphasil, Ortho 10/11 and Ortho 7/7/7) in 391 women of whom 300 completed 6 cycles. Loestrin subjects had a rate of occurrence (31% of cycles) for intermenstrual bleeding (IMB) comparable to the rates for subjects on the phasic preparations (36%, 37% and 37%, respectively). Triphasil subjects had lower rates than the Ortho 10/11 and Ortho 7/7/7 subjects (p less than 0.01) in cycle one when all subjects were analyzed and in pre-study users when continuing menstrual flow (CMF) episodes were not included as IMB. IMB was a cause for dropping out of the study in 7% of subjects who were evenly distributed between groups. There were no differences between groups for BTB when perceived by subjects as a side effect. Spotting was perceived as a side effect more often with Ortho 10/11 and Ortho 7/7/7 use than with Triphasil (p less than 0.01). Loestrin, Ortho 10/11 and Ortho 7/7/7 subjects were more likely to report amenorrhea (p less than 0.001) and less likely to report leg cramps (p less than 0.01) compared to those on Triphasil. Triphasil subjects were less likely to report acne than subjects on Ortho 7/7/7 (p less than 0.01).
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PMID:Cycle control on low-dose oral contraceptives: a comparative trial. 228 88

To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of Minulet, a new low-dose combination oral contraceptive (OC) containing 75 mcg of gestodene and 30 mcg of ethinyl estradiol, a multicenter trial involving 239 women was conducted in Switzerland. Of the 239 subjects, 187 (78%) were monitored for 6 cycles of OC use and 24 (10%) were followed for 3 cycles, yielding a total of 1265 cycles for observation. No pregnancy occurred during the study period, despite the fact that 1 or more pills had been forgotten in 17.1% of cases. Cycle length and the intensity and duration of bleeding were favorably affected by Minulet use, especially in women with a prior history of prolonged, heavy bleeding. Spotting occurred in 8.2% of subjects by cycle 3, but this rate was reduced to 5.9% by cycle 6. Breakthrough bleeding alone occurred in 2.1% of the cycles. The amenorrhea rate was 1.6% after cycle 6. There were no serious side effects, and symptoms such as headache, depression, breast tenderness, acne, nervousness, and dizziness were actually reduced as a result of OC use. Most notable was the decrease in dysmenorrhea, from 40% before beginning OC use to 13% after 3 months and 8% after 6 months. No significant effects on systolic or diastolic blood pressure were recorded among study participants, nor were there significant weight changes. Of the 17 women who terminated the trial due to side effects, metrorrhagia accounted for 17% of the terminations, depression for 14%, nausea for 14%, and headache for 13%. The findings of this trial, in terms of reliability, cycle control, and tolerability, suggest that Minulet has considerable potential as a new contraceptive choice.
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PMID:Clinical experience in Switzerland with the new monophasic oral contraceptive Minulet (75 mcg gestodene, 30 mcg ethinyl oestradiol). 307 5

652 women (80% postpartum) who received 300 mcg daily doses of quingestanol acetate (W 4540) for an average of 9.6 cycles were observed during a 3-year study conducted by Ramon Sarda Maternal and Children's Hospital of Buenos Aires. Of 16 pregnancies, 6 were attributed to drug failure for a rate of 3.1/100 woman-years. It was found that menstrual cycle length, duration, and amount of flow were consistent with normal cycles. Amenorrhea was observed in 65% of the patients and in 24% of the cycles. 35% of all patients had at least 1 case of intermenstrual bleeding. Spotting was reported in 32% of the patients and in 6% of the cycles. Except for headaches (8% of the cases, 2% of total cycles) no significant side effects were experienced. 92% of the women are still on treatment. Quingestanol acetate (300 mcg daily) was found to be clinically safe and effective for postpartum patients.
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PMID:Evaluation of the contraceptive efficacy of quingestanol acetate (W 4540) when administered as an oral low-dose conraceptive in the puerperium. 455 82

Use of Depo-Provera for contraception during the postpartum period is reported. Contraceptive efficiency of 100% for more than 6 months was observed after injections of 150 mg on the 5th day postpartum and after 3 months. Estragenital and lactation side effects were negligeable. Spotting was observed in 21 patients, and bleeding in 7. Physiological amenorrhea continued to the 7th month in 24 patients. The authors believe that depoprovera is particularly indicated, and has fewer side effects, in the puerperium.
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PMID:[Use of Depo Provera as a contraceptive in the puerperium]. 473 12

Clinical experience with Eugynon as a contraceptive in 50 women, inc luding 40 lactating patients (540 cycles) and in the treatment of dysmenorrhea and cycle irregularities in 23 women (79 cycles) is reporte d. No pregnancy was observed in either group. In the contraceptive group, only slight changes in duration and volume of the menstrual flow were noted. Spotting was occasionally observed in the first few cycles; amenorrhea and breakthrough bleeding were not seen. No effects on lactation, liver function, or cardiovascular function, and other side effects were minimal. Results in patients with menstruation disorders were good: no menstrual complaints were reported and cycles were regulated. The authors compare Eugynon favorably with higher-dosed preparations.
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PMID:[Clinical studies in United Arabic Republic with SH 850 (Eugynon), a low dose oral contraceptive, with special reference to its effect on lactation]. 547 23

A 5-yr retrospective study is presented of 168 consecutive patients operated on for ectopic pregnancy during 1977-1981, showing the prevalent features and trends of this disorder and its diagnosis. The overall incidence was 1.48% of deliveries, with a range of 1.00-2.34%. The number of unruptured cases (52.1%) in the series reflects the low gestational age. Some of the problems (and benefits) commonly associated with early diagnosis are surveyed. The presenting symptoms at arrival are compared between patients with an IUD in situ (33.3%) and those without, and between patients with a delay in diagnosis (47.6%) and those without. The use and the results of the diagnostic procedures are also compared between the latter two groups. An absence of clear amenorrhoea was significantly more common (P less than 0.005) in IUD-users than in non-users. Spotting was almost significantly more common (P less than 0.025) among patients with a delayed diagnosis than in those who underwent an operation on the first day seen. It is shown that patients whose diagnosis was delayed had had significantly more often either curettage (P less than 0.001) or an ultrasound examination which (in spite of a positive pregnancy test) did not show an intrauterine pregnancy (P less than 0.005) than those whose diagnosis was not delayed. It is emphasized that the physician should be on the alert in excluding the possibility of ectopic pregnancy in IUD patients and suspected spontaneous and threatened abortions, especially. In such cases an active laparoscopy is again recommended.
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PMID:Problems and benefits in early diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. 623 91

The efficacy, cycle control, subjective complaints, and safety of monophasic preparations of the oral contraceptives containing gestodene 75 mcg plus ethinyl estradiol 30 mcg versus desogestrel 150 mcg plus ethinyl estradiol 30 mcg were compared in a 6-cycle, open-label, parallel, randomized, multicenter phase IV clinical study in Latin America. Of a total of 176 women in each group, 163 in the gestodene group and 160 in the desogestrel group completed 6 cycles, providing data for 1,015 and 1,006 cycles, respectively. Subject compliance was excellent; pills were missed during only 6.9% of the cycles in each group. No woman became pregnant during the study. Gestodene group exhibited significantly better cycle control as evidenced by the lower incidence of breakthrough bleeding and spotting. Spotting in some cycles was reported by 11.9% of women taking the gestodene-combination compared with 21% of women taking the desogestrel-combination. Based on number of women, 86.4% of the gestodene group reported all cycles were normal (no BTB) compared with 76.7% of the desogestrel group. Also, the women in the gestodene group reported a significantly lower incidence of nuisance side effects during treatment cycles. No amenorrhea was observed for either group. There were no clinically significant differences between groups with respect to body weight, blood pressure, or laboratory evaluations. Seven women withdrew from the gestodene group and 8 women withdrew from the desogestrel group because of adverse reactions. The results of this study indicate that, although both OCs provided effective contraception, in comparison to the desogestrel-combination, the gestodene-containing OC is associated with better cycle control, less bleeding, and fewer subjective complaints.
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PMID:Clinical comparison of monophasic oral contraceptive preparations of gestodene/ethinyl estradiol and desogestrel/ethinyl estradiol. Latin American Oral Contraceptive Study Group. 780 71

Three sequential oestradiol valerate (E2V) and cyproterone acetate (CPA) combinations based on 11 days of oestrogen and 10 days of oestrogen-progestogen administration were investigated during hormone replacement therapy in two prospective, double-blind randomized trials. Treatment A comprised 2 mg E2V and 1 mg CPA, treatment B, 1 mg and 0.5 mg and treatment C, 2 mg and 2 mg, respectively. During treatment A hot flushes (P < 0.0001), night sweating (P < 0.0001), depression (P = 0.0001), dizziness (P = 0.0001) and insomnia (P = 0.003) decreased significantly. The only side effect was breast tenderness, which was experienced by 18% of the women. Weight and blood pressure, thyroid, adrenal, liver and kidney functions, parathyroid hormone and vitamin D, platelets and blood cell counts did not change during the 12 months of therapy. In the women who received treatment A the menstrual flow became less abundant during the early months of treatment (P < 0.0001), the menses being scanty in around 30% of the women, while some 10% had amenorrhoea. Spotting occurred in 10-20% of the subjects. Endometrial biopsies were atrophic in 10% of the women, whereas a normal secretory phase was observed in 45% and irregular secretion in 45%. After careful analysis using visual analog scales, these findings were interpreted as indicating a high-normal progestational effect. In comparison with the pattern observed in normal menstrual cycles the women who received treatment A had a more heterogenic glandular epithelium, with more papillae, larger stromal cells, a more pronounced decidual reaction and more fibrinoid material. No cases of hyperplasia were seen. Treatment B was less effective than treatment A in relieving climacteric complaints. Irregular bleeding was troublesome in over 20% of cases and amenorrhoea occurred in 50%. Endometrial biopsies were atrophic in 57% of the women. The effectiveness of treatment C in alleviating flushes, sweating, dizziness and depression was the same as that of treatment A. The decrease in menstrual flow during the early months and the incidence of amenorrhoea (approx. 10%) and atrophic endometria (approx. 10%) were comparable. Detailed analysis revealed that C had an even stronger progestational effect than A. It was concluded that A was the treatment of choice in comparison with B and C. It proved highly effective in treating climacteric complaints, had no side effects apart from breast tenderness, provided good cycle control and induced a physiological secretory transformation of the endometrium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Endometrial effects during hormone replacement therapy with a sequential oestradiol valerate/cyproterone acetate preparation. 838 51


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