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Query: UMLS:C0311277 (abdominal obesity)
 2,792 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The prevalence of obesity and diabetes has reached pandemic proportions. Obesity, particularly in association with high waist circumference and high BMI, is an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD) and diabetes. Several large studies have shown that marginal (5 lb) to moderate (11 to 22 lb) weight gain in adulthood (age 20 to 50 years) increases the risk of chronic disease and negatively affects CHD risk status. The metabolic syndrome, a clustering of cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors that includes abdominal obesity, is increasing among adults and children and is strongly associated with the development of diabetes and CHD. Recent evidence suggests that elevated liver enzymes, an indicator of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, may comprise an additional component of the metabolic syndrome and may serve as a surrogate marker for type 2 diabetes, particularly if used in conjunction with C-reactive protein.
Obesity (Silver Spring) 2006 Jun
PMID:Relationship of metabolic risk factors and development of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. 1693 93

The metabolic syndrome, as defined by the International Diabetes Federation, was investigated in five large, extended, highly consanguineous, healthy Omani Arab families of a total of 1277 individuals. Heritability (h2) of the phenotypic abnormalities that make up the syndrome and other related traits was estimated by variance decomposition method using SOLAR software. The overall prevalence of the syndrome was 23%. The prevalence of abnormalities making the syndrome in a descending order were: obligatory waist circumference, hypertension, raised fasting blood glucose, low serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and raised serum triglycerides (TGs). Highly significant, but widely spread, h2 values were obtained for: height (0.68), weight (0.68), BMI (0.68), serum HDL (0.63), serum leptin (0.55), percentage body fat (0.53), total serum cholesterol (0.53), fasting serum insulin (0.51), homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index (0.48), serum TG (0.43), waist circumference (0.40), diastolic blood pressure (0.38), and 2-hour glucose level (0.17), whereas for the metabolic syndrome itself, h2 was 0.38. The wide spread of h2 results (0.07 to 0.68) indicates that some determinants, such as weight, BMI, and HDL level, are under significant genetic influence among the Omani Arabs. Other determinants such as insulin resistance, abdominal obesity, diastolic blood pressure, and TG levels seem to be more environmentally driven.
Obesity (Silver Spring) 2007 Mar
PMID:Heritability of determinants of the metabolic syndrome among healthy Arabs of the Oman family study. 1737 3

We sought to assess the relationship between the metabolic syndrome, abdominal obesity, and glucose deterioration amongst patients with type 2 diabetes. Our prospective cohort consisted of 164 adult patients with established diabetes who have a history of poor glycemic control, have just completed an intensive intervention aimed at improved control, and have demonstrated reduced HbA1c prior to enrollment. Waist circumference and presence of metabolic syndrome were assessed at baseline, and patients were followed up (median 24 months) for assessment of the study outcome, namely, time-to-hyperglycemic relapse, predefined as HbA1c >8% and >1% rise over baseline. Kaplan-Meier estimates of relapse-free glucose maintenance and multivariable Cox regression models were used for quantifying the independent effects of the metabolic syndrome and waist circumference on risk of glucose deterioration. The mean baseline waist circumference was 42.9 5.5 inches. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was 80%. During follow-up, 39 patients (24%) experienced hyperglycemic relapse. The metabolic syndrome was not associated with time-to-relapse (P = 0.15). The waist circumference component by itself, however, was associated with increased likelihood of hyperglycemic relapse with an unadjusted hazard ratio of 3.4 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2-9.7) and a hazard ratio of 3.2 (95% CI 1.1-9.1) after adjusting for age, gender, insulin use, weight change, and physical activity level. The National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATPIII) metabolic syndrome had limited ability to predict glucose deterioration in this type 2 diabetes cohort. Waist circumference by itself, however, is a strong predictor of future glucose control, and may be a parsimonious tool for risk stratification. BMI may also be a useful predictive tool.
Obesity (Silver Spring) 2008 Apr
PMID:Waist circumference, not the metabolic syndrome, predicts glucose deterioration in type 2 diabetes. 1827 89

Abdominal obesity is associated with metabolic risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD). Although we previously found that using liposuction surgery to remove abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) did not result in metabolic benefits, it is possible that postoperative inflammation masked the beneficial effects. Therefore, this study provides a long-term evaluation of a cohort of subjects from our original study. Body composition and metabolic risk factors for CHD, including oral glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, plasma lipid profile, and blood pressure were evaluated in seven obese (39 +/- 2 kg/m(2)) women before and at 10, 27, and 84-208 weeks after large-volume liposuction. Liposuction surgery removed 9.4 +/- 1.8 kg of body fat (16 +/- 2% of total fat mass; 6.1 +/- 1.4 kg decrease in body weight), primarily from abdominal SAT; body composition and weight remained the same from 10 through 84-208 weeks. Metabolic endpoints (oral glucose tolerance, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, blood pressure and plasma triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol concentrations) obtained at 10 through 208 weeks were not different from baseline and did not change over time. These data demonstrate that removal of a large amount of abdominal SAT by using liposuction does not improve CHD metabolic risk factors associated with abdominal obesity, despite a long-term reduction in body fat.
Obesity (Silver Spring) 2008 Dec
PMID:Long-term effects of large-volume liposuction on metabolic risk factors for coronary heart disease. 1882 Jun 48

Our aim was to assess the differential effect of waist circumference on left-ventricular (LV) structural and functional alterations, in hypertensive males and females. One thousand seven hundred and eighty nine consecutive, nondiabetic, essential hypertensives (aged 55.8 +/- 13.5 years, 966 females), included in the 3H Study, an ongoing registry of hypertension-related-target-organ damage, were classified to obese and nonobese groups according to Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. All participants underwent complete echocardiographic study including LV diastolic function evaluation by means of conventional and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) methods, averaging early and late diastolic mitral annular peak velocities (Em, Am, Em/Am) from four separate sites of measurement. Hypertensive obese women compared with nonobese exhibited significantly greater LV mass index and prevalence of LV hypertrophy (by 5.5 g/m(2), P = 0.003, and 8.8%, P = 0.005, respectively), while such differences were not present among men. Obese women compared to nonobese ones were accompanied by lower transmitral E/A (by 0.08, P < 0.001), TDI-derived Em/Am (by 0.12, P < 0.001), and higher E/Em ratio (by 0.8, P = 0.016). In contrast, hypertensive obese men compared to nonobese ones exhibited lower E and Em (by 0.04 m/s and 0.6 cm/s, both P < 0.05). A significant interaction between sex and abdominal obesity was observed only regarding TDI-derived Am and Em/Am. Furthermore, waist circumference was a predictor of E/A (beta = -0.097, P = 0.002) and Em/Am (beta = -0.116, P = 0.001), independently of body size, in females but not in males. The adverse effect of abdominal obesity on LV alterations is more pronounced among female hypertensives, suggesting that routine measurement of waist circumference provides additional information on cardiac phenotype especially in women.
Obesity (Silver Spring) 2009 Jan
PMID:Impact of waist circumference on cardiac phenotype in hypertensives according to gender. 1894 74

Excess waist circumference (WC) is a frequently used indicator of abdominal obesity and/or cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Nonetheless, search of the literature revealed no prospective studies on the association between WC and CVD events in diabetic patients. In this study, the clinical significance and implications of WC as a cardiovascular and metabolic risk indicator was prospectively investigated in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. For this purpose, baseline data on WC, hypertension, and dyslipidemia were collected and subsequent CVD (coronary heart disease and stroke) events during the following 8 years were studied in 1,424 Japanese type 2 diabetic patients, and the cross-sectional/longitudinal associations between WC and CVD risk factors/events were analyzed. Mean WC levels were significantly increased according to the number of coexisting risk factors. However, no significant difference in mean WC between subgroups with and without CVD events was noted, and excess WC alone was not predictive of subsequent CVD events either in male or female subjects even after adjustment for age, smoking, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. In female patients, excess WC (> or =80 cm) was predictive of CVD events only with the coexistence of hypertension. In Japanese diabetic patients, excess WC alone, although a good marker for clustering of CVD risk factors, did not raise the risk of CVD events unless accompanied by hypertension in female patients. Further investigations are necessary before WC as a risk factor can be utilized in clinical settings for the management of diabetes in this population.
Obesity (Silver Spring) 2009 Mar
PMID:Waist circumference as a cardiovascular and metabolic risk in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. 1902 81

It has been hypothesized that abdominal obesity leads to insulin resistance partly through decreased adiponectin. However, the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations among waist, adiponectin, and insulin sensitivity have not been examined in older adolescents. Non-Hispanic white and black children were recruited from the Minneapolis school district and underwent three examinations at mean ages 13, 15, and 19. Insulin sensitivity (measured using the gold-standard euglycemic clamp) and waist circumference were measured at all exams. Adiponectin was measured at mean ages 15 and 19. Partial correlations were used to examine associations among waist, adiponectin, and insulin sensitivity at mean age 15 (n = 308) and mean age 19 (n = 218). Longitudinal correlations and a longitudinal regression model were used to predict adiponectin and insulin sensitivity measured at ages 15 and 19, from age 13 waist and change in waist. At age 15, waist and adiponectin were significantly correlated (r = -0.32). At age 19, waist and adiponectin were significantly correlated (r = -0.36), as were waist and insulin sensitivity (r = -0.16). Both baseline waist and change in waist were significantly inversely associated with age 19 adiponectin but with age 19 insulin sensitivity only in men. In conclusion, in adolescents, the association between waist and adiponectin appears to develop several years before the association between waist and insulin sensitivity and there is a longitudinal association between waist and adiponectin. These results support the hypothesis that adiponectin may contribute to the association of waist and insulin sensitivity.
Obesity (Silver Spring) 2009 Jan
PMID:Influence of waist on adiponectin and insulin sensitivity in adolescence. 1910 28

The aim of this study is to examine the association between obesity, metabolic syndrome, physical activity, and elevated gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) among Indigenous Australian adults who did not drink alcohol. A cross-sectional study of 791 Indigenous adults in rural North Queensland communities was conducted between 1999 and 2001. Measures included serum GGT, fasting glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides; resting blood pressure, BMI, and waist circumference; and self-reported physical activity, alcohol intake, and tobacco smoking. Central obesity measured by waist circumference in this population was significantly associated with elevated GGT independently of lifestyle behaviors (Adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 2.7, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2-6.0). Metabolic syndrome (International Diabetes Federation definition) was also strongly associated with increased GGT (OR = 2.6, 95% CI: 1.5-4.6). Habitual physical activity may be slightly protective (OR = 0.9, 95% CI: 0.5-1.6) in this group, but this was not clearly demonstrated in this study. Prevention of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in this population should emphasize "waist loss" and metabolic health through dietary and other interventions.
Obesity (Silver Spring) 2009 Apr
PMID:gamma-Glutamyltransferase, obesity, physical activity, and the metabolic syndrome in indigenous Australian adults. 1914 21

This study aimed to investigate the association between self-reported sleep duration and general and abdominal obesity in Korean adults. A total of 8,717 adults aged 20-65 years from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2001 and 2005 were included. General obesity was defined as BMI >or=25 kg/m(2) and abdominal obesity as waist circumference >or=90 cm in men and >or=85 cm in women. To control for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors and comorbidities, multivariable logistic regression was used to calculate the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of general and abdominal obesity across the following sleep duration categories: <or=5, 6, 7, 8, and >or=9 h/day. Mean sleep duration (+/-s.d.) was 6.9 +/- 1.3 h. Those sleeping <or=5 h/day had the highest BMI and waist circumference compared with those sleeping 7, 8, or >or=9 h/day (P < 0.05 for all comparisons). After controlling for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, the adjusted ORs (95% CIs) associated with sleeping <or=5 h/day (vs. 7 h/day) were 1.25 (1.06-1.48) for general obesity and 1.24 (1.03-1.48) for abdominal obesity. Further adjustment for hypertension and diabetes mellitus did not significantly affect the associations. These data suggest that short sleep duration is significantly associated with a modest increase in general and abdominal obesity in Korean adults.
Obesity (Silver Spring) 2009 Apr
PMID:The association between sleep duration and general and abdominal obesity in Koreans: data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001 and 2005. 1918 67

We determined serum adiponectin's role as a biomarker of metabolic syndrome (MetS), type 2 diabetes (DM) and hypertension among Turkish adults who have a high prevalence of MetS. Individuals with measured serum adiponectin concentrations, constituting a random sample of Turkish adults, were studied cross-sectionally. MetS was identified by criteria of the Adult Treatment Panel-III modified for male abdominal obesity. Median age of 547 men and 652 women was 54 years. MetS was identified in 46%. Linear regression analysis among nine variables revealed homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) index in both sexes and C-reactive protein (CRP) only in men as inversely associated covariates of adiponectin, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) as positive covariate in women. Age-adjusted sex-specifically dichotomized high vs. low adiponectin levels were significantly associated with DM (odds ratio (OR) 0.55, P = 0.01) and hypertension (OR 0.64, P = 0.012) in women, but not in men. Further adjustment for smoking status and presence of high/low BMI did not alter this sex-based relationship. As regards association with MetS, low adiponectin and high BMI interacted significantly in each sex. Yet adiponectin was associated only in men additively to the simultaneously adjusted five MetS components. We conclude that adiponectin concentrations, clearly linked to metabolic disorders, may diverge among sexes regarding protection against cardiometabolic risk through anti-inflammatory or antioxidative function, Turkish men alone revealing significant dysfunction independent of obesity. This dysfunction may underlie also the association of adiponectin levels with MetS in men to be independent of the MetS components.
Obesity (Silver Spring) 2009 Mar
PMID:Serum adiponectin confers little protection against diabetes and hypertension in Turkish men. 1923 42


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