Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0311277 (abdominal obesity)
 2,792 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A low concentration of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular heart disease (CHD), but little is known about the distribution of HDL-C in France. This study evaluated the prevalence of low HDL-C among a large French population (5232 patients) with other cardiovascular risk factors. Depending on the guidelines used, the prevalence of low HDL-C varied from 8.7% (cutoff value of 35 mg/dl) to 26.9% (National Cholesterol Education Program metabolic syndrome cutoff values). The prevalence of low HDL-C gradually increased with the number of associated risk factors. We identified three independent risk predictors for low HDL-C: hypertriglyceridaemia (HTG), abdominal obesity and gender. Overall, the frequency of HDL-C assessment was very high (>85%) and it was highest in patients with hypercholesterolaemia or a history of CHD. Risk factors more frequently associated with low HDL-C (i.e. HTG, abdominal obesity and type 2 diabetes) were not associated with a more frequent assessment of HDL-C. Our findings indicate that in France, the prevalence of low HDL-C remains relatively high, particularly for patients with obesity and HTG.
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PMID:Prevalence of low HDL-cholesterol in patients with cardiovascular risk factors: The ECHOS (Etude du Cholesterol HDL en Observationnel) French Survey. 1694 88

Toward the end of the last century a better knowledge of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors and their associations led investigators to propose the existence of a unique pathophysiological condition called "metabolic" or "insulin resistance syndrome". Among all, insulin-resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia are considered its most important treatment targets. Different definitions have been provided by World Health Organization (WHO) and by The Third Report of The National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel (NCEP-ATP III). In particular, abdominal obesity, hypertension, low HDL cholesterol and hyperglicemia are the most common items used for its definition. The presence of MetS is effective in predicting the future risk of diabetes and coronaropathies. The evidence of a higher CV risk rate among different rheumatic inflammatory diseases has recently been associated with high prevalence of MetS in some cases. Rheumatoid or psoriatic arthritis have the large series among arthritis, whereas systemic lupus erythematosus among connective tissue disorders. This review analyses all most important studies about the evidence of MetS in rheumatic patients and the main clinical and prognostic significance of this relation.
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PMID:[Metabolic syndrome in inflammatory rheumatic diseases]. 1701 32

Although an association between the metabolic syndrome and hyperandrogenism has been suggested in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome, few studies have investigated this relationship in postmenopausal women. We measured estradiol, testosterone, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and calculated the free androgen index (FAI) in 212 postmenopausal women not using hormone therapy in the Women's Health Study. A modified definition of the metabolic syndrome (3 or more of the following: abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein, elevated blood pressure, and abnormal glucose metabolism) from the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults was used. Women with the metabolic syndrome had higher mean levels of estradiol, testosterone, and FAI values and lower SHBG levels. Higher FAI and lower SHBG were associated with all components of the metabolic syndrome. After adjustment for BMI and other factors, women in the highest tertile of FAI had an odds ratio of 12.6 (95% confidence interval, 3.8-41.6) for the metabolic syndrome, whereas those in the lowest SHBG tertile had an odds ratio of 7.3 (95% confidence interval, 2.7-19.8). When stratified by body mass index, the associations with high FAI and low SHBG remained significant even in women with body mass index less than 26.7 kg/m2. An androgenic hormone profile is associated with both the individual components of the metabolic syndrome and clustering of metabolic abnormalities in postmenopausal women.
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PMID:Low sex hormone-binding globulin is associated with the metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women. 1704 49

This study was performed to compare the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) definitions, and abdominal obesity criteria of WHO and the Korean Society for the Study of Obesity (KSSO) in Korean adults. A total of 4452 adults aged > or =20 years from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001 were analyzed. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome estimated by NCEP definition with WHO criteria, NCEP with KSSO, IDF with WHO, and IDF with KSSO were 26.7%, 23.7%, 23.8% and 17.5%, respectively. The agreement percent among the four definitions ranged from 88.7% to 100% in men, and from 85.6% to 94.9% in women. The NCEP-defined metabolic syndrome was more strongly associated with hypertension and diabetes than the IDF-defined metabolic syndrome (age-adjusted odds ratio: 5.1 versus 3.6 for hypertension and 6.4 versus 3.2 for diabetes in men, respectively; 5.4 versus 3.4-4.3 for hypertension and 11.1 versus 3.8-4.2 for diabetes in women, respectively). Both definitions of the metabolic syndrome were associated with coronary heart disease or stroke only in women. Prospective studies are warranted to evaluate the predictive ability of the new definition of the metabolic syndrome and the new criteria of abdominal obesity for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in Korean adults.
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PMID:Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among Korean adults using the new International Diabetes Federation definition and the new abdominal obesity criteria for the Korean people. 1711 77

Metabolic syndrome (MS) consists of a cluster of metabolic and hemodynamic disorders that promote the development of atherosclerosis and increase cardiovascular morbidity/mortality. We evaluated the prevalence and characteristics of MS after acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the effect of intensive risk factor management on the morbidity/mortality associated with MS in a therapeutic cohort; 480 consecutive patients were summoned 3 months after an ACS for cardiovascular evaluation and management. Follow-up was carried out 16 months later. At 3 months after ACS, prevalence of MS was 20.8%, as assessed by criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III and 27.7% according to the definition of the International Diabetes Federation. The most common metabolic disorders were abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and fasting hyperglycemia. Characteristics of the initial ACS showed no significant difference between the MS and non-MS groups. Atherosclerotic extent was greater in the MS group according to Adult Treatment Panel III. At follow-up, the MS and non-MS groups achieved optimal low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and blood pressure levels. During follow-up, there was an increase in total mortality in the MS group compared with the non-MS group (5.2% vs 1.4%, p <0.01) as assessed by International Diabetes Federation criteria; however, no difference in minor or major cardiovascular events was found between the 2 groups. In conclusion, MS was highly prevalent after an ACS, notably in young patients, and was not associated with a specific ACS presentation.
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PMID:Prevalence of metabolic syndrome after acute coronary syndrome and its prognostic significance. 1712 44

Metabolic syndrome (MS) refers to the clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors - including abdominal obesity, hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia and elevated blood pressure - that are thought to be linked to insulin resistance. MS is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. MS is common, affecting a quarter to a third of adults, and its prevalence is rising, in parallel with increasing obesity and population ageing. Operational definitions of MS have been proposed by the World Health Organization and the National Cholesterol Education Program. Recently, the International Diabetes Federation proposed a global definition that emphasised the importance of central adiposity. In cardiovascular risk assessment, MS encapsulates the contribution of non-traditional risk factors and provides a clinically useful framework for early identification of people at increased long-term risk. It should be used in conjunction with standard algorithms based on conventional risk factors, which better predict short-term risk. Management of MS should emphasise lifestyle interventions (eg, physical activity, healthy diet and weight reduction) to reduce long-term risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Those at increased short-term risk should also have individual risk factors treated according to established guidelines.
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PMID:Revisiting the metabolic syndrome. 1760 19

The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in different elderly European populations has not been well studied. The aim of this study was to measure the prevalence of metabolic syndrome, as well as its individual components, in an elderly Swedish cohort. A random sample of 778 individuals (372 men and 406 women) was selected from a 70-year-old cohort in the H70 study, a gerontological and geriatric population study carried out in Gothenburg, Sweden. The study included medical and treatment history assessments, laboratory procedures and physical examinations to determine the presence of each of the five components of the metabolic syndrome as defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. Of the 508 adults (243 men and 265 women) included in the study, 22.6% had metabolic syndrome. The prevalence was higher in men (26.3%) than in women (19.2%). One third of the total sample had at least one of the five risk factors for metabolic syndrome. High blood pressure (> or =130/85 mmHg or use of antihypertensive/diuretic medication) was the most prevalent risk factor in both men (68.3%) and women (50.2%), while abdominal obesity was the overall second most common risk factor (27.2% of men and 42.7% of women). The prevalence of high fasting plasma glucose (> or =110 mg/dl or use of antidiabetic medication) was 29.0% in men and 19.1% in women. Metabolic syndrome was prevalent in a significant proportion of this elderly Swedish population, highlighting the underdiagnosis of a condition that is important to treat.
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PMID:Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in an elderly Swedish population. 1721 62

The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's National Cholesterol Education Program 2001 Adult Treatment Panel III report defined the metabolic syndrome as having at least 3 of the following 5 criteria: abdominal obesity, elevated triglyceride levels, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, an elevated blood pressure, and an elevated fasting glucose. Evidence is accumulating to suggest that the metabolic syndrome predisposes to cardiovascular disease (CVD). End-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients requiring dialysis have a substantially elevated risk of CVD morbidity and mortality. Dialysis patients' increased risk can be partially explained by traditional and nontraditional risk factors. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in dialysis patients is unknown. This retrospective, cross-sectional study of 202 incident dialysis patients examined the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome at the time of renal replacement therapy initiation. The study group was compared with all incident dialysis patients in 2002 on file with the U.S. Renal Data System. Females represented 39.1% of the study population. Blacks composed 34.7% of the study group. Diabetes was the etiology of ESKD in 44.6% of our patients. Surrogate criteria were used for the Adult Treatment Panel III risk factors of abdominal obesity and elevated fasting glucose levels. Overall, the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was 69.3% in our population and was especially prevalent among diabetic, female, and white ESKD patients. Study limitations included the use of surrogate markers for 2 criteria of the metabolic syndrome and dependence on the Medical Evidence Report (Form 2728) for baseline characteristics. In summary, the metabolic syndrome is highly prevalent in incident dialysis patients.
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PMID:Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in an incident dialysis population. 1725 61

To investigate determinants of abdominal obesity and its metabolic and clinical consequences relative to its degree in women, a prospective evaluation of 1682 female participants (aged 28-79 years at baseline), representative of Turkey's women, was performed. For components of metabolic syndrome (MS), criteria of National Cholesterol Education Program guidelines were adopted, modified for cut point of 91 cm or greater for abdominal obesity and less than 45 mg/dL for low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Fasting insulin and C-reactive protein concentrations and (inversely) smoking more than 10 cigarettes daily were significant predictors of newly developed abdominal obesity at a follow-up of mean 5.9 years. In the prediction of high triglyceride-low HDL dyslipidemia, elevated blood pressure (BP) or MS and doubling of baseline fasting insulin level contributed approximately 25% to the hazard ratio (HR), whereas waist circumference exhibited independent HRs of 1.30, 1.62, and 2.22, respectively. Waist girth (or body mass index) quartiles was the major predictor (HR, 1.72) of diabetes mellitus (DM), followed by physical inactivity and total cholesterol and insulin levels, all independent of each other. Waist girth quartiles in women conferred excess risk of incident coronary heart disease from quartile II onward, independent of age, DM, and elevated BP. Fasting insulin and C-reactive protein levels and (inversely) heavy smoking are main predictors in Turkish women of abdominal obesity. Across waist girth quartiles, multiadjusted relative risks for dyslipidemia, elevated BP, MS, and coronary heart disease rise sharply and asymptotically from quartile II (> or = 83 cm) onward, whereas risk of DM emerges in the top quartile. A waist girth of 83 cm or greater should be regarded as abdominal obesity among Turkish women.
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PMID:Predictors of abdominal obesity and high susceptibility of cardiometabolic risk to its increments among Turkish women: a prospective population-based study. 1729 23

In order to characterize components of the metabolic syndrome (MS) in Venezuelan black Hispanics and compare these metabolic abnormalities with those found in the predominant mixed Hispanic population, 2336 mixed Hispanics (69% women) and 281 black Hispanics (60% women), aged 20-78 years, without prior history of diabetes and/or cardiovascular disease were evaluated in a population-based study in Zulia State, Venezuela. Blood pressure (BP), waist circumference, as well as fasting insulin, fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglycerides (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were measured. The criteria proposed by the National Cholesterol Education Program/Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP/ATP III) to identify those with metabolic abnormalities were used. We found that black Hispanics showed higher frequency of age-adjusted elevated BP than mixed Hispanics in both men (66.9% vs. 52.3%, p < 0.01) and women (39.3% vs. 30.4%, p < 0.05). In men, elevated FBG was also more frequent in black Hispanics (32.7%) than in mixed Hispanics (22.3%), despite the lack of significant differences in fasting insulin, HOMA-insulin resistance and HOMA-beta cell function values. In women low HDL-C and higher abdominal obesity were more common in black Hispanics (71.8% and 54.1%, respectively) than in mixed Hispanics (56.2% and 44.5%, respectively), despite the greater frequency of high TG in mixed Hispanics (22.6%) when compared to black Hispanics (13.3%). Furthermore, in logistic regression analysis black Hispanic race was independently associated with higher risk for hypertension, fasting hyperglycemia, and low HDL-C. These results suggest that black Hispanics have worse cardiovascular risk profile than mixed Hispanics in Zulia State, with higher BP, higher FBG, more abdominal obesity, and lower HDL-C. Identification and intervention of these high-risk subjects are important strategies for diabetes and cardiovascular disease prevention in Venezuela.
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PMID:Black Hispanics have a worse cardiovascular risk profile than mixed Hispanics in Venezuela. 1743 43


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