Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0311277 (abdominal obesity)
 2,792 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Metabolic syndrome, indicated by insulin resistance/hyperinsulinemia, obesity, central obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, and hypertension, contributes to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. However, it is controversial whether the indicators of metabolic syndrome are related to subclinical atherosclerosis collectively or individually. Whether there is any gender-based difference in the mechanisms of metabolic syndrome-induced atherosclerosis progression is also unknown. Two models were compared in this study. Model 1 assumes that a latent factor, metabolic syndrome per se, impacts subclinical atherosclerosis (collective effects model); Model 2 assumes the effect of the syndrome is mediated through its indicators (individual effects model). Data were obtained from the Los Angeles Atherosclerosis Study. The cohort consists of 573 adults (age, 40-60 years) who were asymptomatic for cardiovascular disease. Subclinical atherosclerosis was assessed by measuring common carotid artery intima-media thickness (CCA-IMT) using B-mode ultrasound. Three examinations were completed at 1.5-year intervals from 1995-1999. The analyses were performed with SAS 8.2 and AMOS 4.0. The results showed that atherogenic effects of metabolic syndrome were mediated through its indicators; there were gender-based differences in the mechanisms of metabolic syndrome-induced atherosclerosis. Central obesity was significantly associated with the baseline IMT for men only, whereas triglycerides were significantly associated with the progression of IMT for women only. Systolic blood pressure was significantly associated with the baseline and progression for both men and women. However, fasting insulin was not found to be significantly associated with the baseline and progression of IMT in the multivariate model, although it was significantly associated with other components of metabolic syndrome.
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PMID:Metabolic syndrome and progression of atherosclerosis among middle-aged US adults. 1650 91

The aim of the study was to identify incremental values of carotid ultrasound measurements (carotid plaques and stenosis) on the prediction of future coronary revascularization among type 2 diabetic patients. The second objective was to determine the predictive value of the assessment of blood lipids, BMI, abdominal obesity and the ankle-brachial index (ABI). Three hundred and thirty three (333) patients with type 2 diabetes and manifested coronary artery disease were randomly selected in a cohort prospective study. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify variables predictive of the need for future revascularization: percutaneus coronary interventions (PCI) or coronary bypass surgery (CABG) followed 24 months after the study starting point. The presence of arterial hypertension, hyperlipidemia, physical inactivity, intermittent claudication, the value of systolic pressure, BMI, waist and hip measurement, glycemia and blood lipid fraction (total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, non-HDL, triglycerides) were entered in a model. Ultrasound measurements: carotid IMT, presence of carotid plaques and stenosis, and ABI were also included in the analysis. Based on the univariate and multivariate findings, the presence of internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis (OR 4,562, 95% CI 1,327-15,687), carotid plaque (OR 1,465, 95% CI 0,829-2,591), and increased waist measurement (OR 1,371, 95% CI 0,757-2,483) were found as significant independent predictors of future PCI. LDL and non HDL cholesterol were found to be factors independently associated with the need for future CABG by univariate analysis, which was not confirmed by multivariate analysis. In conclusion, the current study has provided an identification of predisposing factors for the future need of coronary revascularization among type 2 diabetic patients that permits risk stratification and may facilitate improved patient selection or optimization.
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PMID:Carotid ultrasound, blood lipids and waist determination can predict a future coronary revascularisation in the type 2 diabetic cohort. 1835 84

The aim of the current study was to examine the associations of visceral adiposity and exercise participation with C-reactive protein (CRP), insulin resistance, and endothelial dysfunction in Korean adults selected from the general population. We studied 160 Korean adults (aged 41.3 +/- 13.0 years; n = 38 men and n = 122 women) who volunteered in a health promotion program. Subjects were divided into 2 groups based upon spontaneous exercise participation for using a cross-sectional approach. We measured anthropometric factors (body mass index [BMI], percentage body fat, waist-hip ratio [WHR], and abdominal fat area by computed tomographic scanning), blood pressure (BP), blood levels of glucose, lipids, fibrinogen, CRP, leptin, hemoglobin A(1c), homeostasis model assessment (HOMA), and carotid intima media thickness (IMT; via ultrasonography). Associations among the variables were assessed by Pearson partial correlation and linear regression, controlling for age and sex. Independent t tests were used to assess differences between exercise participants and nonparticipants. Significance was accepted at P < .05. As expected, the measures of adiposity (BMI, percentage body fat, WHR, abdominal fat area) were highly correlated with each other (r = .49-.86, P < .01). Blood levels of high-sensitivity CRP (hsCRP), leptin, and HOMA were modestly correlated with all measures of adiposity. Visceral fat area was the most important predictor of hsCRP, explaining 19.6% of the variance using stepwise linear regression analysis (P < .01). As visceral fat area tertiles increased from low to high, a significant stepwise increment in blood levels of CRP (P < .001), HOMA (P = .005), and left carotid IMT (P = .035) was observed. However, hsCRP and HOMA were not significantly different when compared across whole-body fat tertiles. Systolic BP, diastolic BP, and left carotid IMT were modestly correlated with WHR and visceral fat area (P < .05); but systolic BP and diastolic BP were also correlated with BMI and percentage body fat (P < .05). Therefore, the relative importance of central adiposity as opposed to total body fatness in endothelial dysfunction is unclear. Compared with the nonexercise group, exercise participants had significantly lower (P < .05) WHR, visceral fat area, ratio of visceral fat area to subcutaneous area, hsCRP, hemoglobin A(1c), and HOMA, with no significant differences in BMI, percentage body fat, and physical fitness. Central obesity with high visceral fat is strongly associated with blood level of hsCRP, insulin resistance, and endothelial dysfunction-related factors in healthy Korean adults. In addition, exercise participation, even in the absence of difference in physical fitness, may be protective against development of central obesity and insulin resistance in this understudied Korean population.
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PMID:Associations of visceral adiposity and exercise participation with C-reactive protein, insulin resistance, and endothelial dysfunction in Korean healthy adults. 1870 42

Young adults with abdominal obesity are liable to have subclinical atherosclerosis that may contribute to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease later in life. This study aims to evaluate subclinical atherosclerosis and its possible correlation with some inflammatory and biochemical markers in Egyptian young adult males with abdominal obesity. The study includes 50 young adult males (age range: 19-29 years) divided into two groups. Group 1 comprises 20 non-obese subjects (controls). Group 2 comprises 30 apparently healthy obese subjects. Carotid intima media thickness (carotid-IMT) was estimated using B-mode ultrasonography of the common carotid arteries, and abdominal ultrasonography was performed to assess the presence of a fatty liver. Laboratory investigations included fasting levels of serum glucose, triglycerides (TG), cholesterol (total [TC], high-density [HDL-cholesterol] and low-density [LDL-cholesterol] lipoprotein fractions), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), neopterin, lipoprotein-a (Lp[a]), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), aspartate and alanine aminotransferases (AST, ALT), plasma plasminogen and fibrinogen. Results showed that carotid IMT, serum hs-CRP, neopterin, Lp(a), fibrinogen, plasminogen, TC, TG, LDL-cholesterol and liver enzymes were significantly elevated (P<0.001) in the obese group compared to controls. All obese subjects showed evidence of fatty liver. A significant positive correlation was found between carotid-IMT and body mass index, waist circumference, waist/hip ratio, cholesterol, triglycerides, neopterin, hs-CRP AST, ALT and GGT. Elevated serum levels of inflammatory biomarkers and increased ALT, AST and GGT, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease biomarkers may be useful predictors of subclinical atherosclerosis.
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PMID:Evaluation of some markers of subclinical atherosclerosis in Egyptian young adult males with abdominal obesity. 1983 25

Patients with different forms of systemic vasculitis experience long-term morbidity and mortality caused by cardiovascular disease due to premature atherosclerosis. Epidemiologic reports of patients with GCA suggest that long-term mortality in this disease is not increased compared with the general population of the same age. The risk of a stroke, however, in particular in the vertebrobasilar territory, is increased. In addition, the occurrence of aortic aneurysmal disease and aortic dissection is also clearly increased in GCA. Mortality due to ischaemic heart disease, however, is not increased. In Takayasu arteritis accelerated atherosclerosis has been clearly documented both clinically and in autopsy reports. Atherosclerotic plaques in the carotid artery may be present in the carotid arteries especially in patients with a documented history of arteritis involving the carotid artery. It is controversial whether Kawasaki disease is associated with accelerated atherosclerosis. Young adults with a history of Kawasaki disease may have abnormal brachial artery reactivity, increased carotid IMT values and increased arterial stiffness. At autopsy examinations of KD patients, however, no significant atherosclerotic lesions are detected and carotid IMT measurements were found to be clearly different from those in young adults with familiar hypercholesterolaemia, suggesting that the remodeling process in KD is different from atherosclerosis. In ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV), an increased mortality as a consequence of cardiovascular disease is well-documented. In these patients the relative risk for coronary heart disease is two- to fourfold that in control subjects. In addition, a similar relative risk has been found for stroke. Diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, abdominal obesity (metabolic syndrome), impaired renal function, persistent proteinuria and increased production of C-reactive protein are common risk factors for premature atherosclerosis in patients with systemic vasculitis. Furthermore, cholesterol and its modifications play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of accelerated atherosclerosis in vasculitis. The (preventive) therapy for accelerated atherosclerosis in systemic vasculitis is based on an aggressive approach against inflammation and against risk factors of premature atherosclerosis such as smoking, inactivity, obesity and unhealthy diet. In addition, patients should be treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and/or angiotensin receptor-1 blockers for hypertension and statins for dyslipidemia. Finally, low dose acetylsalicylic acid should be prescribed in patients with large vessel vasculitis, i.e., both in GCA and TA, who do not have contraindications for ASA.
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PMID:Cardiovascular disease due to accelerated atherosclerosis in systemic vasculitides. 2350 55

With the increasing prevalence of obesity and especially abdominal obesity, a simple clinical tool is needed that identifies the cardiometabolic risk for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. The aim of our study was to evaluate a broad spectrum of metabolic variables and IMT in subjects with and without hypertriglyceridemic waist (HTGW) and compare it with the harmonized definition of metabolic syndrome (MS) with both a higher (MS-I) and lower waist circumference (MS-II) for Europids. We enrolled 607 asymptomatic dyslipidemic subjects (295 men and 312 women) into our cross-sectional study. The subjects with HTGW had an atherogenic lipid profile (significantly higher triglycerides, AIP, non-HDL-C, lower HDL-C and ApoA-1, and the women also higher TC and ApoB), increased markers of insulin resistance (insulin, HOMA, C-peptide, proinsulin), inflammation (hsCRP), thrombosis (fibrinogen, PAI-1), SBP and DBP, and lower adiponectin (p<0.05-0.001 for all). These risk factors were entirely similar in HTGW, MS-I and MS-II. Age-adjusted IMT was significantly higher only in the women with HTGW but this significance disappeared after further adjustment for TC, SBP, and smoking. Our results support the routine use of HTGW as a simple and inexpensive screening tool to detect subjects at increased cardiometabolic risk in clinical practice.
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PMID:Hypertriglyceridemic waist - a simple clinical tool to detect cardiometabolic risk: comparison with harmonized definition of metabolic syndrome. 2668 Jun 72