Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0282612 (PIN)
 2,291 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Acinar atrophy and postatrophic hyperplasia in the prostate are commonly confused with adenocarcinoma. The converse situation may also present a diagnostic dilemma. We recently encountered a number of cases of adenocarcinoma with features that mimicked atrophy, raising the serious concern for the underdiagnosis of malignancy. To investigate the frequency of prostatic adenocarcinoma with atrophic features and the histologic criteria that allow its distinction from benign processes, we reviewed the histopathologic findings in 202 consecutive totally embedded whole-mount radical prostatectomy specimens with adenocarcinoma, 100 consecutive routine needle biopsy specimens, and five additional selected needle biopsy specimens. None of the patients had received androgen deprivation therapy before specimen acquisition. Prostatic adenocarcinoma with atrophic features was defined as a proliferation of malignant acini that architecturally resembled atrophy or postatrophic hyperplasia but retained the diagnostic cytologic features of cancer. The acini were round, often dilated and distorted, and lined by flattened attenuated epithelium with scant cytoplasm. All cases had cytologic evidence of malignancy, including nuclear enlargement and prominent nucleoli; these findings could not be attributed to inflammation or treatment effect. Atrophic features were identified in cancer in six radical prostatectomy specimens (3%) and two routine needle biopsy specimens (2%). The proportion of cancer with atrophic features comprised a mean of 27% of each tumor in the prostatectomy specimens (range 10-60%) and 24% in the needle biopsies (range 10-90%). In the prostatectomy cases, the Gleason score of the cancers was 7 (in five cases) and 5 (in one case); in the biopsy specimens the Gleason score was 6 (in five cases) and 7 (in two cases). In addition, atrophic cancer in the prostatectomy cases had luminal eosinophilic proteinaceous secretions (six cases), blue mucin (five cases), crystalloids (two cases), apocrine blebs (three cases), collagenous micronodules (one case), and high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia within two high-power fields (three cases); the histologic features were similar in the needle biopsy specimens. We conclude that prostatic adenocarcinoma with atrophic features is an unusual finding that is easily confused with benign acinar atrophy. It is recognized by a combination of architectural and cytologic findings and usually coexists with typical Gleason score 5-7 acinar adenocarcinoma. This pattern is important to recognize to avoid the underdiagnosis of malignancy.
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PMID:Prostatic adenocarcinoma with atrophic features: malignancy mimicking a benign process. 925 56

There is increasing evidence that neuropeptides, including bombesin, may influence growth, angiogenesis, invasiveness, and metastasis in prostate cancer. One of the molecules tightly involved in the regulation of neuropeptide activity is the integral membrane glycoprotein CD10, or neutral endopeptidase 24.11. The pattern of CD10 expression in hyperplastic and neoplastic conditions of the prostate gland has not been previously described. Immunohistochemical staining for CD10 and high-molecular-weight cytokeratin was performed on 92 cases of paraffin-embedded tissue from needle-core biopsy specimens and prostatectomy specimens. Normal and hyperplastic acini showed strong and distinct membrane (apical and intercellular) and cytoplasmic CD10 expression in basal and secretory cells. In contrast, no intercellular membrane or cytoplasmic staining of secretory cells was seen in any cases of adenocarcinoma with Gleason patterns 2 or 3. A subset of high-Gleason grade adenocarcinoma (patterns 4 and 5) displayed CD10 expression in the secretory cells; those cases shared a distinct morphological pattern. Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) showed consistent absence of intercellular membrane and cytoplasmic CD10 expression in the secretory cells, with preserved expression in basal cells. Interestingly, the basal cells in basal cell hyperplasia lacked CD10 expression, and no expression was noted in the secretory cells in all cases examined. Atrophic acini and those associated with acute and chronic inflammation retained CD10 expression. In conclusion, a consistent differential pattern of CD10 expression was seen in basal cell hyperplasia, PIN, and adenocarcinoma, suggesting a role for CD10 in the pathobiology of the prostate gland.
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PMID:The pattern of CD10 expression in selected pathologic entities of the prostate gland. 1279 18

The present study is to investigate the effects of in utero di-n-hexyl phthalate (DHP) and dicyclohexyl phthalate exposure (DCHP) on the development of male reproductive tract at prepubertal, pubertal and adult stages. Pregnant rats were exposed to DHP and DCHP at doses of 0, 20, 100 and 500mg/kg/day, by gavage, on gestational days (GD) 6-19. Testosterone (T) levels of prepubertal rats diminished at high dose DHP and middle dose DCHP groups. MIS/AMH levels elevated in DHP and DCHP groups. T levels of pubertal rats decreased in low and high dose DHP and DCHP groups. Inhibin B levels of adult rats diminished in DCHP groups. Atrophic and amorphous tubules, spermatogenic cell debris, apoptotic cells, adherent tubules, Sertoli cell vacuolisation, prostatic atrophic tubules and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) were observed in the reproductive organs of treated animals at all developmental stages. There was an increase in immunoexpression of MIS/AMH in testes of treated rats. There were no changes in sperm head count but percentages of abnormal sperms increased. The diameters of seminiferous and epididymal tubules in treatment groups were significantly lower. This study shows that DHP and DCHP may have antiandrogenic effects on male reproductive development before and after birth.
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PMID:Developmental effects of prenatal di-n-hexyl phthalate and dicyclohexyl phthalate exposure on reproductive tract of male rats: Postnatal outcomes. 2302 15