Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0281663 (pregnancy and breast cancer)
 25 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The results of 14 cases of breast cancer and pregnancy observed in 1261 breast carcinoma, diagnosed and in treatment between January 1980 and March 2001 were analysed. The results were compared with 122 cases of not pregnant patients with similar ages (< or = 40). The pregnant patients had a medium following of 58.6 months and controls of 73.9 months. Otherwise the results are not significant; it shows a higher incidence of disseminate carcinomas diagnose in the pregnant patients (14.3% vs. 4.9%), a higher recidives (50% vs. 37.4%) and a higher mortality (50% vs. 30.3).
 ...
PMID:[Breast cancer and pregnancy. Analysis of our casuistry and literature review]. 1461 92

The relationship between pregnancy and breast cancer is complex, and a paucity of available data further complicates decision-making for many women diagnosed with breast cancer during pregnancy or desiring to become pregnant after such a diagnosis. Treatment of breast cancer during pregnancy requires a multidisciplinary care team and careful consideration of the risk of the disease and gestational age of the fetus, in conjunction with the patient's preferences. Chemotherapy should be deferred beyond the first trimester. There is no evidence that pregnancy in a breast cancer survivor will decrease long-term survival; in fact, studies suggest a potential protective effect of pregnancy after breast cancer in terms of the risk of recurrence. However, the available studies are limited by substantial potential biases, and concerns remain for some women and their doctors about the risks of pregnancy after breast cancer. This article reviews what is known about the association between pregnancy and breast cancer, discusses treatment options for women diagnosed with the disease during pregnancy, and summarizes evidence regarding the safety of pregnancy after breast cancer.
 ...
PMID:Pregnancy and breast cancer: epidemiology, treatment, and safety issues. 1597 47

The association between breast cancer and pregnancy is a rare but not exceptional. The authors reports two cases of patients aged 29 and 30 years respectively. Both patients had single pregnancis. The first patient, third delivery, had a gestational age of 30 weeks of amenorrhea and a stadify T 3NIM0. The second patent was second delivery and had during her first prenatal consultation at 38 weeks of amenorrhea a developing but not extending statify T4. Cytology suggest the diagnosis whicle was confirmed by histology in both cases. Treatment consisted in an immediate Pathey for the first patient who underwent a cesarean section at 36 weeks of gestation giving birth to a newborn without distinctive features. She died after the second course of chemotherapy type FAC. The second patient had an induced labour and gave birth to a newborn without distinctive features. Chemotherapy was started after delivery but the patient died after the first course which did not improve her condition. Late diagnosis and poor prognosis are common in literature. This is confirmed by our study in which we also stress the severity of the disease and the problems related to treatment.
 ...
PMID:[Breast cancers associated with pregnancy. About two cases]. 1615 17

The concurrent diagnosis of breast cancer and pregnancy remains a challenging clinical situation. Ethical concerns regarding maternal and fetal well-being and potential risks and harms of treatment influence the clinical decision process. Ethical considerations of treatment initiation have emphasized the role of autonomy for the patient and the concept of beneficence and non-maleficence for patient and fetus. Limited prospective data are available to assist the physician and patient in making an informed decision. Recent data on diagnosis, evaluation, and management of pregnant patients with breast cancer have informed the development of international recommendations and guidelines for management of breast cancer during pregnancy. This article reviews the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, therapy, and outcomes of breast cancer occurring concomitantly with pregnancy.
 ...
PMID:Management of breast cancer in pregnancy. 1716 43

Interactions between pregnancy and breast cancer are complex and paradoxical. Epidemiological data show that nulliparity and late full-term pregnancy increase breast cancer risk. By contrast, early full-term pregnancy and multiparity are thought to be the most effective means of decreasing lifetime breast cancer risk. Paradoxically, young women diagnosed with breast cancer during pregnancy have a higher risk of dying from their disease. Moreover, there is a transient increase in risk of breast cancer in the first three to four years after pregnancy. After breast cancer treatment, there is no evidence that pregnancy increases the risk of breast cancer recurrence. Thus, it is not contraindicated in women previously treated for breast cancer and free of recurrence. Various physio-pathological mechanisms are involved in the protective effect of pregnancy, like cellular differentiation of mammary cells, mammary gland involution, circulating anti-mucin antibody and excretion in the milk of breast carcinogens. In the past, unfavorable effects of pregnancy were mainly attributed to precancerous cell proliferation induced by pregnancy-associated hormonal changes. However, recent studies suggest that the remodeling of cellular microenvironment and extracellular matrix during pregnancy and involution may contribute to enhanced invasive and metastatic potential of breast carcinomas.
 ...
PMID:[Paradoxical interactions between pregnancy and breast cancer]. 1743 31

According to the American Cancer Society in 2007, about 178,000 women are diagnosed with breast cancer each year in the United States. Of these, 25% have tumors in their childbearing years and may desire future opportunities for pregnancy and lactation. Although there is a multitude of options related to preserving fertility, little is known about the residual effects of breast cancer treatment and the ability to breast-feed afterward. This article describes the epidemiological relationship between breast cancer and pregnancy and lactation. Basic types of treatment for breast cancer including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation are reviewed. Practical information on how to support breast-feeding after breast cancer is included.
 ...
PMID:Breast-feeding after breast cancer in childbearing women. 1770 99

Women of childbearing age experience an increased breast cancer risk associated with a completed pregnancy. For younger women, this increase in breast cancer risk is transient and within a decade after parturition a cross over effect results in an ultimate protective benefit. The post-partum peak of increased risk is greater in women with advanced maternal age. Further, their lifetime risk for developing breast cancer remains elevated for many years, with the cross over to protection occurring decades later or not at all. Breast cancers diagnosed during pregnancy and within a number of years post-partum are termed pregnancy-associated or PABC. Contrary to popular belief, PABC is not a rare disease and could affect up to 40,000 women in 2009. The collision between pregnancy and breast cancer puts women in a fear-invoking paradox of their own health, their pregnancy, and the outcomes for both. We propose two distinct subtypes of PABC: breast cancer diagnosed during pregnancy and breast cancer diagnosed post-partum. This distinction is important because emerging epidemiologic data highlights worsened outcomes specific to post-partum cases. We reported that post-partum breast involution may be responsible for the increased metastatic potential of post-partum PABC. Increased awareness and detection, rationally aggressive treatment, and enhanced understanding of the mechanisms are imperative steps toward improving the prognosis for PABC. If we determine the mechanisms by which involution promotes metastasis of PABC, the post-partum period can be a window of opportunity for intervention strategies.
 ...
PMID:Pregnancy and breast cancer: when they collide. 1938 88

Premenopausal women with a new diagnosis of breast cancer are faced with many challenges. Providing health care for issues such as gynecologic comorbidities, reproductive health concerns, and vasomotor symptom control can be complicated because of the risks of hormone treatments and the adverse effects of adjuvant therapies. It is paramount that health care professionals understand and be knowledgeable about hormonal and nonhormonal treatments and their pharmacological parameters so they can offer appropriate care to women who have breast cancer, with the goal of improving quality of life. Articles for this review were identified by searching the PubMed database with no date limitations. The following search terms were used: abnormal uterine bleeding, physiologic sex steroids, endometrial ablation, hysteroscopic sterilization, fertility preservation in endometrial cancer, tranexamic acid and breast cancer, menorrhagia treatment and breast cancer, abnormal uterine bleeding and premenopausal breast cancer, levonorgestrel IUD and breast cancer, tamoxifen and gynecologic abnormalities, tamoxifen metabolism, hormones and breast cancer risk, contraception and breast cancer, pregnancy and breast cancer, and breast cancer and infertility treatment.
 ...
PMID:Challenges in the gynecologic care of premenopausal women with breast cancer. 2145 40

The authors conducted a meta-analysis of the association between smoking before a first pregnancy, when undifferentiated breast tissue may be vulnerable to tobacco carcinogens, and the risk of breast cancer. A search of the published literature through August 2010 identified 23 papers reporting on associations between smoking before a first pregnancy and breast cancer. Odds ratios or hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals, adjusted for known or suspected breast cancer risk factors, were abstracted from each study. Data were pooled using both fixed- and random-effects models. The fixed-effect summary risk ratio for breast cancer among the women who smoked before their first pregnancy versus women who had never smoked was 1.10 (95% confidence interval: 1.07, 1.14); the random-effects estimate was similar. The separate fixed-effect risk ratios for smoking only before the first pregnancy (5 studies) or only after the first pregnancy (16 studies) were both 1.07, providing no evidence that breast tissue is more susceptible to malignant transformation from smoking before the first pregnancy. While these small summary risk ratios may represent causal effects, residual confounding could readily produce estimates of this size in the absence of any causal effect.
 ...
PMID:Smoking before the first pregnancy and the risk of breast cancer: a meta-analysis. 2171 45

The incidence of concurrent breast cancer and pregnancy (also known as pregnancy-associated breast cancer [PABC]) may increase as women delay child bearing. Because of the physiologic changes associated with pregnancy, diagnosis often is delayed, lending to poorer prognostic factors on presentation. Therefore, the clinical challenge in managing PABC involves controlling the cancer while maximizing survival outcomes for the expectant mother without compromising the health and safety of the fetus. Collaboration and communication between multidisciplinary team members are crucial. Education is key in providing a general overview of available diagnostic modalities, endorsing the multidisciplinary approach to care and treatment for the mother and fetus, and identifying the oncology nursing role specific to this patient population. Women with PABC must be kept informed of all aspects of care to ensure active participation in the decision-making process, as they are not only concerned for their own well-being but also that of their unborn child. Anxiety levels often run high and steady communication offers a modicum of control to this already-stressed patient population.
 ...
PMID:Two lives intertwined: pregnancy-associated breast cancer. 2302 45


<< Previous 1 2 3 Next >>