Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0279530 (bone cancer)
 1,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Mortality among 5,413 white males who were employed for at least two years at a plutonium weapons facility was investigated to measure risks from exposures to low levels of plutonium and external radiation. When compared with US death rates, fewer deaths than expected were found for all causes of death, all cancers, and lung cancer. No bone cancer was observed. An excess of brain tumors was found for the cohort in general. Elevated rate ratios for all causes of death and all lymphopoietic neoplasms were found when employees with plutonium body burdens greater than or equal to 2 nCi were compared with those with body burdens less than 2 nCi, while accounting for age, calendar period, and induction time. Increased rate ratios were also found for esophageal, stomach, colon, and prostate cancers, and for lymphosarcomas and reticulum cell sarcomas. No elevated rate ratios were noted for bone and liver cancers. When employees with cumulative exposures greater than or equal to 1 rem were compared with those with exposures less than 1 rem, elevated rate ratios were found for myeloid leukemia, lymphosarcoma and reticulum cell sarcoma, liver neoplasms, and unspecified brain tumors. No overall dose-response relationships were found for plutonium or external radiation exposures. Standardized rate ratios increased, however, as plutonium body burden levels increased for all causes, all cancers, and digestive cancers at five years induction time. Standardized rate ratios also increased as external radiation exposure categories increased for all lymphopoietic cancers and unspecified brain tumors for a two-year induction period. With the exception of analyses of combined categories of death, and perhaps of lung cancer, confidence limits were wide, indicating limited precision. Nevertheless, these findings suggest that increased risks for several types of cancers cannot be ruled out at this time for individuals with plutonium body burdens of greater than or equal to 2 nCi. Plutonium-burdened individuals should continue to be studied in future years.
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PMID:Mortality among plutonium and other radiation workers at a plutonium weapons facility. 381 31

Over a period of 4 years, 241 patients with advanced cancer were treated with mecaphane alone in 11 hospitals. Effective objective responses were obtained in 100 patients (41.4%). The response was most conspicuous in chronic granulocytic leukemia, with remission in 37 of 40 patients; in Hodgkin's disease and lymphosarcoma response rates were 60% and 47.3%, respectively. Mecaphane had an analgesic action in metastatic osteolytic bone cancer, and two patients with such metastases even attained recalcification of the osteolytic destructive lesions. The common toxic manifestations of mecaphane were leukopenia (33.6%), gastrointestinal upsets (28.2%), and thrombocytopenia (12.8%). It is concluded, therefore, that mecaphane could be a good antitumor agent in clinical use. It is less expensive and can be taken orally. Further trials of this drug are recommended.
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PMID:Clinical studies on the antitumor action of mecaphane. 730 33

The occurrence of soft-tissue tumors in beagles given 90Sr (88 dogs), 228Ra (76 dogs), or 228Th (81 dogs) as young adults and followed throughout their lifespans was compared with that of 133 control beagles given no radioactivity. For animals injected with 228Ra, tumors of the eye were more prominent (p < 0.05) than in the controls, and soft-tissue tumors of cavities in the head (excluding the brain, mouth, and eye) were more prominent in dogs given 90Sr than in the controls (p < 0.05). There was some indication that eye tumors in animals given about 0.56 kBq 228Th kg-1 were associated with their radionuclide exposure. For tumors at a few other locations, the relative occurrence was greater (p < 0.05) in the controls. These included malignant tumors of the testis and malignant plus benign tumors of the mammae and vagina in 228Th dogs; both malignant and malignant plus benign tumors of the mouth and testis, and malignant plus benign tumors of the mammae and vagina in 228Ra dogs; and malignant plus benign tumors of the mammae in 90Sr dogs (p > 0.05 by Odds Ratio Chi Square analysis but p < 0.05 by Fisher's Exact Test). Differences in relative occurrence between radioactive dogs and controls of all other tumor types that appeared in any of the animals (notably lymphosarcoma, lymph node tumors, leukemia, mast cell tumors, liver tumors, etc.) were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Intercurrent mortality, mainly from bone cancer, was higher in the radioactive dogs than in the controls. Mean survival was reduced in the dogs given 90Sr, 228Ra, or 228Th (13.17 +/- 2.64 y in controls, 10.95 +/- 4.06 y in 90Sr dogs, 9.07 +/- 3.61 y in 228Ra dogs, and 9.20 +/- 4.15 y in 228Th dogs). Attenuated lifespans could account, at least in part, for the relative paucity of soft-tissue tumors not induced by radiation among the groups of dogs given radioactivity and occurring near the end of life for control animals.
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PMID:Soft tissue tumors among beagles injected with 90Sr, 228Ra, OR 228Th. 762 76