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Query: UMLS:C0279530 (bone cancer)
 1,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Exposures in southwestern Utah to radioactive fallout (1951 through 1962) from atmospheric nuclear detonations at the Nevada Test Site (NTS) were followed by smaller exposures (1962 through 1979) from venting of underground nuclear detonations. The cancer incidence in a 1951 cohort (4, 125) of Mormon families in southwestern Utah near the NTS was compared with that of all Utah Mormons (1967 through 1975). There were 109 more cases of cancer than expected (288[observed]/179[expected]). Leukemia was most prominent early (1958 through 1966), with 19 cases, five times more than expected (3.6). The excess of leukemia persisted into the later period (1972 through 1980), with 12 cases observed, 3.4 expected. There was an increase in lymphoma. Excess cases of thyroid cancer appeared early and a notable excess appeared later (14/1.7). An excess of breast cancer was noted later (27/14). There were more cancers of the gastrointestinal tract than expected. There was an excess of melanoma (12/4.5), bone cancer (8/0.7), and brain tumors (9/3.9). A subgroup with history of acute fallout effects had a higher cancer incidence. That these cases can be associated with radiation exposures is supported by a comparison between groups of the ratio of cancers of more radiosensitive organs with all other types of cancer.
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PMID:Cancer incidence in an area of radioactive fallout downwind from the Nevada Test Site. 669 Jul 81

Cancers seen and recorded between 1983 and 1995 in the Hospital Tumor Registry at the American University of Beirut Medical Center (AUBMC), one of the largest primary and tertiary care hospitals in Lebanon, were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. There was a total of 10,220 cases, excluding 916 skin cancers other than skin melanoma, averaging 786 cases per year. There were 5086 cancer cases in males with the five most common cancers being: lung cancer (915 cases: 17.9%) followed by bladder cancer (503 cases: 9.8%), larynx (438 cases: 8.6%), lymphoma (393 cases: 7.7%) and leukemia (336 cases: 6.6%). As for female cancer cases, a total of 5134 cases were observed with the five most common cancers being: breast cancer (1821 cases), followed by cervical cancer (535 cases), colo-rectal cancer (256 cases: 4.9%), lymphoma (232 cases: 4.5%), and brain cancer (213 cases: 4.1%). The average age for all cancer cases was 50.5 years with a standard deviation (SD) of 18.8 years. The average age of females (48.8 yrs; SD 17.4) was relatively lower than that of males (52.2 yrs; SD 19.9) and the difference was statistically significant. 40.6% of the patients were under the age of 50 years. 49% of breast cancer patients were below 50 years of age. In children less than 15 years of age, there were 555 cases, with leukemia being the commonest (185 cases: 33.3% of childhood cases) followed by brain cancer (112 cases: 20.1%), lymphoma (63 cases: 11.3%), bone cancer (41 cases: 7.3%), soft tissue sarcoma (35 cases: 6.3%) and kidney cancer (28 cases: 5.0%). Lung cancer in males and breast cancer in females are the most common cancers in Lebanon. These cancers are amenable to prevention (cigarette cessation and anti-smoking campaigns for lung cancer) and early detection (screening, regular breast examination and mammography for breast cancer). Our paper emphasizes the importance of addressing those and other issues including bladder cancer and age at diagnosis of breast cancer. It also presents important epidemiological and historical reference data on cancer in Lebanon during the civil war and immediately after it.
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PMID:Cancer in Lebanon: analysis of 10,220 cases from the American University of Beirut Medical Center. 979 15

A nationwide, computer-based survey of all total joint arthroplasties performed in Finland has been carried out since January 1980. From these records, a cohort of 9,444 patients, with 51,756 person-years, after primary operation with a total polyethylene-on-metal knee arthroplasty (TKA) was followed up for cancer through the Finnish Cancer Register up to December 31, 1996. During the follow-up, 706 cancers were observed. The expected number, based on national rates, was 719; therefore, the standardized incidence ratio (SIR) for all cancers was 0.98. The SIRs for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (1.40), Hodgkin's disease (1.24) and multiple myeloma (1.54) were increased, but only that of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was statistically significant 3-10 years after the operation. The numbers of observed cases of prostate cancer exceeded that of expected, with a SIR value of 1.49. A low SIR of lung cancer was observed among men, especially during the first 3 years (0.61), but not in women. The SIR for colon cancer was below unity in women only (SIR 0.70). The SIR for cancer of the urinary organs was close to unity (0.97). SIR relating to soft tissue and bone cancer did not differ significantly from unity, and none of the 6 sarcomas was observed at the site of a prosthesis. The overall cancer risk after TKA done for primary osteoarthrosis seems not to be increased. The increases in lymphoma and prostate cancer risk, however, are observations that could be related to TKA and justify further follow-up of the cohort.
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PMID:Cancer incidence after total knee arthroplasty: a nationwide Finnish cohort from 1980 to 1996 involving 9,444 patients. 1066 28

This hypothesis-generating study explores spatial patterns of childhood cancers in Maryland and investigates their potential associations with herbicides and nitrates in groundwater. The Maryland Cancer Registry (MCR) provided data for bone and brain cancers, leukemia, and lymphoma, for ages 0-17, during the years 1992-1998. Cancer clusters and relative risks generated in the study indicate higher relative risk areas and potential clusters in several counties. Contingency table analysis indicates a potential association with several herbicides and nitrates. Cancer rates for the four types have a crude odds ratio (OR) = 1.10 (0.78-1.56) in relationship to atrazine, and an OR = 1.54 (1.14-2.07) for metolachlor. Potential association to mixtures of three compounds give an OR = 7.56 (4.16-13.73). A potential association is indicated between leukemia and nitrates, OR = 1.81 (1.35-2.42), and bone cancer with metolachlor, OR = 2.26 (0.97-5.24). These results give insight to generate a hypothesis of the potential association between exposure to these herbicides and nitrates and specific types of childhood cancer.
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PMID:Herbicides and nitrates in groundwater of Maryland and childhood cancers: a geographic information systems approach. 1629 29

Influence of loneliness on human survival has been established epidemiologically, but genomic research remains undeveloped. We identified 34 loneliness-associated genes which were statistically significant for high- lonely and low-lonely individuals. With the univariate Cox proportional hazards regression model, we obtained corresponding regression coefficients for loneliness-associated genes fo individual cancer patients. Furthermore, risk scores could be generated with the combination of gene expression level multiplied by corresponding regression coefficients of loneliness-associated genes. We verified that high-risk score cancer patients had shorter mean survival time than their low-risk score counterparts. Then we validated the loneliness-associated gene signature in three independent brain cancer cohorts with Kaplan-Meier survival curves (n=77, 85 and 191), significantly separable by log-rank test with hazard ratios (HR) >1 and p-values <0.0001 (HR=2.94, 3.82, and 1.78). Moreover, we validated the loneliness-associated gene signature in bone cancer (HR=5.10, p-value=4.69e-3), lung cancer (HR=2.86, p-value=4.71e-5), ovarian cancer (HR=1.97, p-value=3.11e-5), and leukemia (HR=2.06, p-value=1.79e-4) cohorts. The last lymphoma cohort proved to have an HR=3.50, p-value=1.15e-7. Loneliness- associated genes had good survival prediction for cancer patients, especially bone cancer patients. Our study provided the first indication that expression of loneliness-associated genes are related to survival time of cancer patients.
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PMID:Expression profiles of loneliness-associated genes for survival prediction in cancer patients. 2452 24

Advances in the early diagnosis and treatment of cancer have reduced mortality rates and improved patient survival. For this reason, professionals from different areas have strived to implement actions to increase patient quality-of-life during and after cancer treatment. Among these measures, integral attention in reproductive health is one of the main points for the inclusion, safety, and autonomy of female patients. The approach to fertility in these cases should include counseling on fertility preservation and contraceptive options. Oocyte/embryo freezing is an effective technique that does not delay the start of cancer treatment, since controlled ovarian stimulation can be initiated at any stage of the menstrual cycle. At the same time, contraceptive counseling should be conducted based on the eligibility criteria established by the World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. However, there is still a lack of studies on (i) the suitability of contraceptives to patients of reproductive age with relatively frequent tumors (lymphoma, leukemia, bone cancer), and (ii) the use of contraceptive concurrently with chemotherapeutic agents. Therefore, the choice of contraceptive method should consider other factors such as tumor type, thrombogenic risk factors linked to cancer/chemotherapy, immunosuppression, blood disorders (thrombocytopenia/anemia), bone mass reduction, metabolic/cardiovascular effects, and drug interaction.
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PMID:Fertility optimization in women with cancer: from preservation to contraception. 3096 39