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Query: UMLS:C0279530 (bone cancer)
 1,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The risk coefficients for liver tumors as derived from 60 beagles with body burdens of 249Cf or 252Cf were used to determine the relative biological effectiveness of fission fragments relative to alpha particles. For liver malignancies the relative biological effectiveness was calculated to be about 2 +/- 3. The estimate based on the combined benign and malignant liver tumors was about 7, with a proportionately larger standard deviation of about +/- 14. Although the confidence intervals were wide, it is possible that the relative biological effectiveness of fission fragments relative to alpha particles, using liver neoplasia as the endpoint, is greater than 1.0 as compared to a value only slightly above zero when bone cancer was the lesion of interest.
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PMID:Fission fragment relative biological effectiveness for liver tumor induction. 762 75

The toxicity ratio (relative effectiveness per gray of average skeletal dose) has been estimated for bone cancer induction in beagles injected as young adults for a number of bone-seeking internal emitters. These experiments yielded calculated toxicity ratios (+/- SD) relative to 226Ra = 1.0 of 239Pu = 16 +/- 5 (single exposure to monomeric Pu) and 32 +/- 10 (continuous exposure from an extraskeletal deposit in the body), 224Ra = 16 +/- 5 (chronic exposure) and approximately 6 +/- 2 (single exposure), 228Th = 8.5 +/- 2.3, 241Am = 6 +/- 0.8, 228Ra = 2.0 +/- 0.5, 249Cf = 6 +/- 3, 252Cf = 4 +/- 2, 90Sr = 1.0 +/- 0.5 (for high doses) and 0.05 +/- 0.03 (for low doses) and 0.01 +/- 0.01 (for extremely low doses). Because no skeletal malignancies were observed among beagles given only 253Es, the toxicity ratio is undefined.
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PMID:Relative effectiveness of 239Pu and some other internal emitters for bone cancer induction in beagles. 808 47

Mortality among Aborigines tribes in Taiwan from malignant neoplasms in the 1971-80 and 1981-90 decades were analyzed. Sex and tribe specific standardized mortality ratios were calculated from death certificate data and compared with the number of expected deaths derived from the cancer mortality of the entire population of Taiwan. Mortality due to oral cancer was statistically significantly higher than expected among Paiwan men in the 1971-80 decade and among Paiwan women from 1971-80 and 1981-90; as was mortality from nasopharyngeal cancer among Bunun, Paiwan and Rukai men from 1981-90 and among Bunun and Paiwan women from 1971-80 and 1981-90; mortality due to stomach cancer among the Atayal, Bunun and Paiwan people from 1971-80 and 1981-90, among Rukai men from 1971-80 and among the Tsou and mixed group women from 1981-90; mortality from liver cancer among Atayal and Bunun men in 1971-80, among Bunun women from 1971-80 and 1981-90 and among Paiwan women in 1981-90; mortality due to nasal cavity, middle ear and paranasal sinuses cancer among Rukai men from 1981-90; and mortality due to bone cancer among Tsou men and Atayal women from 1981-90. Mortality due to colorectal cancer was statistically significantly lower than expected among mixed group men from 1971-80 and in Atayal women from 1981-90; as was mortality from lung cancer among Atayal men and Paiwan women from 1971-80 and among Paiwan and mixed group men in the 1981-90 decade. Overall, the standardized mortality ratio of all cancers in aborigines was a little higher than in the general population of Taiwan. However, differences for ratio or site existed in different tribes.
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PMID:[Cancer mortality analysis among aborigines in Taiwan]. 808 73

Seventy skeletal malignancies in 44 dogs were identified among 117 beagles injected as young adults with graded dosages of approximately 0.07 to 104 kBq 241Am kg-1 and maintained for lifetime observation. All of these tumors were osteosarcomas except four fibrosarcomas of bone and four chondrosarcomas of bone. Of these 117 animals, 114 survived beyond the minimum age (of 2.79 y) for radiation-induced bone cancer, and all are now dead. An expression was derived that described the dependence of percent occurrence of bone sarcoma on skeletal radiation dose of A = 0.76 + 30D, where A = percent of dogs with skeletal malignancy within any dosage group, D = average skeletal dose (< 3 Gy) at 1 y before death (average skeletal dose was calculated to the presumed start of tumor growth, which we have taken to be 1 y before death), and 0.76 represents the lifetime percent malignant bone tumor response among 132 suitable control dogs in our colony not given any radioactivity. All dosage groups with skeletal doses of > 3 Gy at 1 y before death exhibited close to 100% occurrence and appeared to be beyond the region of linearity. Therefore, they were excluded from the derivation of this expression. Similar analysis of corresponding data for beagles given 226Ra as young adults, excluding the two highest dosage groups in which the bone tumor response was approximately 100%, yielded the expression, A = 0.76 + 4.7D, (D < 20 Gy). A ratio of the coefficients in these two expressions indicates the effectiveness at low radiation doses for bone-cancer induction of 241Am relative to 226Ra, or (30 +/- 2.6)(4.7 +/- 0.47)-1 = 6 +/- 0.8. This compares to the relative effectiveness at low radiation doses that was obtained earlier for a 239Pu:226Ra toxicity ratio of about 16 +/- 5.
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PMID:Skeletal malignancies among beagles injected with 241Am. 828 58

There are marked variations in the risk of hormone-dependent cancers between males and females, and these are likely to reflect sex differences in endogenous hormone profiles. The authors examined sex differences in the risk of hormone-dependent cancers of sex-shared sites by using data from the England and Wales national cancer registry for 1962-1984. Both breast and thyroid cancers showed marked excesses in risk for women, but the female: male ratio peaked around menopause for breast cancer and a puberty for thyroid cancer, suggesting that although female sex hormones may influence the risk of these two cancers, the mechanisms involved are probably different. In the descending colon, the risk of cancer was greater in females than in males at ages under 60 years, but greatest in males at ages above this, whereas in the ascending colon there were no age-specific differences in risk between the sexes. This is consistent with the hypothesis that female reproductive events may decrease a woman's risk of cancer in the descending but not in the ascending colon. Sex differences in bone cancer risk at puberty, particularly for osteosarcomas and Ewing's sarcomas, paralleled known sex differences in skeletal growth; there was a peak in age-specific rates earlier and lower in girls than in boys. Rhabdomyosarcoma, a soft tissue cancer, also showed a rise in risk at puberty with age differences between boys and girls that correlated with sex differences in muscle growth patterns; this suggests that its etiology may be hormonally related as well.
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PMID:Sex differences in the risks of hormone-dependent cancers. 833 23

The occurrence of skeletal malignancies has been documented among 234 young adult beagles given single intravenous injections of monomeric 239Pu citrate. Occurrence has also been documented among 132 comparable control group animals surviving the minimum latent time period of 2.79 y for radiation-induced bone cancer, who were maintained for lifespan observation. Injected amounts ranged from about 0.02-106 kBq kg-1 body mass with factors of 2 or 3 between dose levels. There were 84 radiographically apparent bone tumors in 76 plutonium-injected dogs and one tumor in a control group dog. Most of these were osteosarcomas except for seven chondrosarcomas, one liposarcoma, and one plasma cell myeloma of bone. The relationship between percent of dogs at any dose level with bone malignancy and average skeletal dose at the presumed time of tumor initiation of 1 y before death appeared to be linear below about 1.3 Gy average skeletal dose. The observed data can be approximated by the expression A = 0.76 + 75 D, where A = percent of dogs with bone cancer at any dose level, D = average skeletal dose in Gy (for doses up to 1.3 Gy) at tumor initiation, and 0.76 represents the percent tumor response in the control animals not given plutonium. Similar analysis of our corresponding data for beagles given 226Ra, excluding the two highest dose levels (approximately 100% occurrence), yielded the expression A = 0.76 + 4.7 D, where D = the average skeletal dose in Gy (for doses up to 20 Gy) at 1 y before death. The ratio of coefficients indicates the effectiveness for bone cancer induction of 239Pu relative to 226Ra, or [(75 +/- 22.5)(4.7 +/- 0.47)-1] = 16 +/- 5 for a single, brief intake of either nuclide into blood.
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PMID:Bone cancer occurrence among beagles given 239Pu as young adults. 841 14

Stochastic radiation effects following exposure to heavy ions and other high linear energy transfer (LET) radiation in space are a matter of concern when the long-term consequences of space flights are considered. This paper is an overview of the relevant literature, emphasizing uncertainties entailed from estimates of relative biological effectiveness (RBE) for different experiment endpoints, making the choice of a single weighting factor for the prediction of cancer risk in man extremely difficult. Life-span-shortening studies in mice exposed to heavy ions and ongoing large-scale experiments in monkeys exposed to protons suggest that RBEs for all cancers are lower than 5. This does not exclude a much higher RBE for rare tumors such as brain tumors in monkeys or promoted Harderian gland tumours in mice at LET >80 keV/mu m. Skin cancer studies in rats exposed to neon or argon resulted in similar RBE. Exposure to fission neutrons led to high RBE in all species, not excluding values much higher than 20 for specific cancers such as lung tumors in mice and all cancers in rats. The estimate of maximal RBE is, however, extremely dependent on the hypothesis made on the shape of the dose-response curves in the lower range of doses. These results suggest that neutrons may be the most hazardous component of high-LET radiation. There is only limited evidence from cancer experiments that LET >150 keV/mu m results in highly decreased efficiency, but this has been found for bone cancer induction following exposure to fission fragments.
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PMID:RBE for carcinogenesis following exposure to high LET radiation. 874 59

Metastatic bone cancer is usually diagnosed by graphical examinations. On plain x-ray film, it demonstrates osteolytic change with bone destruction in most cases, so sclerotic change without bone destruction is observed in some cases. In the spine metastases, it is important to differentiate compression fracture of the osteoporosis from the pathological destruction of the metastatic cancer. Although on plain x-ray film, the differentiation of these two conditions is difficult in most cases, MRI is useful to differentiate them. The treatment plan for metastatic bone cancer must be carefully decided. Systemic examinations and evaluation of the patient's general condition must be performed before treatment is started. There are conservative treatments such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, hormone therapy and immune therapy, and operative treatment for metastatic bone cancer patients. Radiotherapy is useful for the pain caused by spinal cancer invasion. As a rule, operative treatment is indicated for the patients with the life expectancy of six months or more. But recently, with the progress of operative technique and implant material, more aggressive operative indication is proposed to improve the quality of life of the patients.
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PMID:[Diagnosis and treatment of metastatic bone cancer]. 883 37

Ear infection is the most common cause of brain abscess. A suppurative process in the ear has access to the central nervous system by direct extension or through preformed pathways, either developmental, traumatic or pathologic, or by retrograde spread along the thromobophlebitic vein. Squamous cell carcinoma of middle ear or mastoid cavity is a rare disease and often associated with chronic otitis or chronic draining ear. Ear malignancy easily produces the destruction of temporal bone which may serve as a route for coexistent infection spreading into the brain. This paper reports a case of brain abscess occurring in a patient with temporal bone cancer. To the best of our knowledge, no more than three similar cases have been reported in the literature. The authors suggest that if an otogenic brain abscess is concomitant with infection and granulomatous mass in the ear, biopsy should be performed to rule out malignancy.
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PMID:[Brain abscess as a complication of ear malignancy: a case report]. 885 95

This study evaluated the mortality of 27,362 members of the U.S. Carpenters' Union who died in 1987-1990. Age-adjusted proportionate mortality ratios (PMRs) and proportionate cancer mortality ratios (PCMRs) were computed using the U.S. age-, gender-, and race-specific proportional mortality for the years of the study. For white male carpenters who were last employed while in construction industry locals, raised mortality was observed for lung cancer (PCMR = 107, CI = 103, 111), bone cancer (PMR = 181, CI = 107, 286), asbestosis (PMR = 283, CI = 158, 457), emphysema (PMR = 115, CI = 102, 130), transportation injuries (PMR = 121, CI = 109, 135), and falls (PMR = 122, CI = 104, 142). For white male carpenters who were last employed while in industrial wood products locals, significantly raised mortality occurred for stomach cancer (PMR = 187, CI = 136, 250), male breast cancer (PCMR = 469, CI = 128, 720), and transportation injuries (PMR = 136, CI = 110, 173). Excess breast cancer was associated with last employment inn wood machining trades. Nasal cancer mortality was not elevated. A total of 121 mesotheliomas were observed. Contributing cause of death analyses revealed raised mortality for these and additional causes; 4,594 (18%) death certificates mentioned occupational and other lung disease as a contributing factor, resulting in significantly elevated mortality. These data show that construction carpenters have moderately elevated mortality for the diseases caused by asbestos (lung cancer and malignant mesothelioma) and from traumatic injuries. The finding of elevated mortality for stomach, bone, and breast cancer was unexpected and requires further evaluation of possible occupational factors. This study confirms that construction carpentry is an extremely hazardous trade. The data suggest that additional preventive action guarding against asbestos exposure and occupational injury is urgently needed in this occupation.
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PMID:Mortality of Carpenters' Union members employed in the U.S. construction or wood products industries, 1987-1990. 891 14


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