Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0278883 (metastatic melanoma)
 6,224 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Avid functional (18)F-FDG uptake of skeletal muscle is a known false positive finding of PET-CT study especially after involuntary muscle exercise just prior to the study. We describe the case of a 50-year-old man in whom the finding of avid (18)F-FDG uptake of pectoralis major muscle was encountered during investigation of metastatic melanoma.
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PMID:Avid F-FDG uptake of pectoralis major muscle: an equivocal sequela of strenuous physical exercise. 2161 Oct 31

A 52-year-old woman with metastatic melanoma was treated with ipilimumab. After 2 cycles of treatment, she developed watery diarrhea, sweats, and chills. An FDG PET/CT study demonstrated new FDG-avid (maximum standardized uptake value 15.6) diffuse colonic wall thickening, suggestive of ipilimumab-induced colitis. The patient was treated with systemic steroids, with subsequent resolution of her symptoms. Based on the response to steroids, the diagnosis of ipilimumab-induced enterocolitis was made. Ipilimumab may cause several immune-mediated toxicities, the most common of which is enterocolitis. Physicians interpreting FDG PET/CT examinations of patients treated with ipilimumab should be aware of these FDG-avid immune-mediated toxicities.
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PMID:Ipilimumab-induced colitis on FDG PET/CT. 2261 8

Melanoma is a common cancer with the potential for widespread metastasis; however intravascular metastasis is extremely rare. We report an unusual case of a patient with metastatic melanoma in whom (18) F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (FDG PET-CT) demonstrated an intravascular melanoma metastasis in the superior vena cava (SVC), successfully treated with external beam radiotherapy. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case where FDG PET-CT was used to make this diagnosis.
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PMID:Intravascular metastatic melanoma: a difficult diagnosis. 2342 35

Ipilimumab is a human monoclonal antibody directed against a receptor expressed on activated T-lymphocytes (CTLA-4). Binding to this receptor induces T-cell activation against tumor cells. A 77-year-old man with a stage IV metastatic melanoma was treated with ipilimumab. F-FDG PET-CT performed for response evaluation revealed intense uptake in the pituitary gland. Two weeks later, biochemical parameters altered confirming hypophysitis. Treatment of the hypophysitis was started, and shortly thereafter, biochemical parameters normalized. Follow-up PET-CT revealed normalization of F-FDG uptake in the pituitary gland. In this case, we present a patient with ipilimumab-induced hypophysitis initially diagnosed on F-FDG PET-CT.
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PMID:Detection of early onset of hypophysitis by (18)F-FDG PET-CT in a patient with advanced stage melanoma treated with ipilimumab. 2345 28

Intraglomerular metastasis is a very rare condition with an underlying cause that is not yet well understood. We present the 18F-FDG PET/CT images of histologically proven intraglomerular metastases from newly diagnosed malignant melanoma with positive sentinel lymph node metastases. During the initial diagnostic evaluation period, the patient also had a sudden increased serum creatinine level. FDG PET/CT demonstrated diffuse glomerular FDG uptake unlike typical physiologic pelvicaliceal activity. Renal biopsy revealed diffuse crescentic lesions containing metastatic melanoma cells.
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PMID:PET/CT images of bilateral diffuse intraglomerular metastasis of malignant melanoma. 2369 64

Recently, the BRAF V600 inhibitor, vemurafenib, has revolutionized the therapeutic management of metastatic melanoma. However, adverse effects and the onset of resistance are frequently observed, limiting the efficacy of this treatment. Patient-derived tumor xenografts (PDTX) engrafted in immunocompromised mice have been proposed as valuable preclinical models that can predict clinical response to treatments. Here, we established a PDTX model of BRAF V600E melanoma useful for testing the efficacy of vemurafenib. First, we validated the stability of the model that was similar to the original tumor with respect to histology, immunohistochemistry, mutational status, and fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose ([(18)F]FDG)-PET/computed tomography (CT). Next, the sensitivity of the xenografts to vemurafenib was determined by tumor growth inhibition and decreased in standardized uptake value on [(18)F]FDG-PET/CT. Finally, this result, using personalized PDTX, allowed successful rechallenge with vemurafenib in a patient who was administered a lower dose of vemurafenib because of the onset of adverse events. Overall, we found that PDTX provides 'real-time' results in an animal that phenocopies the biology and expected vemurafenib responses of the tumor in a patient with BRAF V600E melanoma. Thus, this 'coclinical' trial using PDTX can help guide vemurafenib treatment for metastatic melanoma.
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PMID:Patient-derived tumor xenograft model to guide the use of BRAF inhibitors in metastatic melanoma. 2385 64

BRAF kinase inhibitors have dramatically affected treatment of BRAF(V600E) (/) (K)-driven metastatic melanoma. Early responses assessed using [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose uptake-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) have shown dramatic reduction of radiotracer signal within 2 weeks of treatment. Despite high response rates, relapse occurs in nearly all cases, frequently at sites of treated metastatic disease. It remains unclear whether initial loss of (18)FDG uptake is due to tumor cell death or other reasons. Here, we provide evidence of melanoma cell volume reduction in a patient cohort treated with BRAF inhibitors. We present data demonstrating that BRAF inhibition reduces melanoma glucose uptake per cell, but that this change is no longer significant following normalization for cell volume changes. We also demonstrate that volume normalization greatly reduces differences in transmembrane glucose transport and hexokinase-mediated phosphorylation. Mechanistic studies suggest that this loss of cell volume is due in large part to decreases in new protein translation as a consequence of vemurafenib treatment. Ultimately, our findings suggest that cell volume regulation constitutes an important physiologic parameter that may significantly contribute to radiographic changes observed in clinic.
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PMID:BRAF Inhibition Decreases Cellular Glucose Uptake in Melanoma in Association with Reduction in Cell Volume. 2594 95

An 84-year-old man with history of left forehead melanoma was found on a restaging F-FDG PET/CT scan with hypermetabolic lung nodules and a mildly FDG-avid soft tissue nodule posterior to the umbilicus. Biopsy of a right lower lobe nodule revealed metastatic melanoma. Follow-up posttreatment PET/CT scan showed complete resolution of lung nodules and unchanged FDG uptake at the level of the umbilicus. Review of the patient's medical history revealed a remote history of umbilical hernia repair. We present a case of postsurgical plugoma mimicking the appearance of melanoma metastasis on FDG PET/CT.
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PMID:Umbilical Plugoma Mimics Melanoma Metastasis on FDG PET/CT. 2616 72

A 53-year-old man with metastatic melanoma, in remission, presented with an 8-week history of melena and anemia. Initial investigations including upper and lower gastrointestinal endoscopy, capsule endoscopy, and Tc-labeled red blood cell scan did not reveal a source of bleeding. Given the concern over melanoma recurrence, F-FDG PET/CT was performed that demonstrated a focus of intense uptake in the small bowel. Uncomplicated surgical resection of the segment of jejunum containing the lesion was performed, after which the patient reported no further gastrointestinal bleeding. Histopathological assessment of the lesion was consistent with pyogenic granuloma.
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PMID:Bleeding Small Intestine Pyogenic Granuloma on 18F-FDG PET/CT. 2625 36

Cholesterol granulomas are benign lesions, rarely seen in the breast, which are indistinguishable from malignancy on anatomical imaging. The FDG PET/CT of a patient referred for melanoma staging revealed a mildly FDG-avid, soft tissue nodule in the left breast. This finding was felt unlikely to represent metastatic melanoma due to the relatively low level of uptake. The lesion was not seen on follow-up mammography. Ultrasound-guided biopsy was performed, which identified this lesion as a cholesterol granuloma. This case illustrate that cholesterol granuloma can be misinterpreted as a malignant lesion on both anatomical imaging and FDG PET/CT.
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PMID:Cholesterol Granuloma: An Unusual and Benign Cause of Focal FDG Uptake in the Breast Detected on PET/CT. 2625 38


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