Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0278883 (metastatic melanoma)
 6,224 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

MHC antigen expression on 20 nevi, and 35 primary and 95 metastatic melanomas was studied by immunoperoxidase techniques using monoclonal antibodies to identify the antigens on frozen tissue sections. DR antigens were not detected on nevi but were detected on 71% of primary melanomas and 56% of metastases, suggesting that this antigen may be a useful marker of malignant transformation of nevi. Expression of class II antigen could not be related to other prognostic histological features of primary melanoma such as tumour thickness, but comparison of the common phenotypes of primary and metastatic melanoma suggested that expression of DR antigens alone in the absence of DP, DQ and ABC antigens may be an indicator of metastatic potential. Class I (HLA-A,B,C) antigens were also expressed infrequently on nevi but were detected on 43% of primary melanomas and 34% of metastases. HLA-A,B,C expression was inversely related to thickness of the primary melanoma. This as well as the lower expression of class I antigens on metastases, may indicate that growth and spread of melanoma may be inhibited by MHC (class I) dependent cytotoxic T cell responses. Expression of class I MHC antigens was unrelated to class II antigens. Expression of DR was more common than DP or DQ, but the latter with one exception, were not expressed in the absence of DR antigens. Significant differences were not found in MHC antigen expression on metastases in lymph nodes compared to those in subcutaneous sites, but further studies are needed to determine whether such differences may exist between metastases in other visceral sites.
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PMID:Immunohistological evaluation of MHC class I and II antigen expression on nevi and melanoma: relation to biology of melanoma. 332 39

Expression of the gangliosides GM3, GD3 and GD2 was studied in tissue sections from 19 naevi, 29 primary and 83 metastatic melanoma using the ABC immunoperoxidase technique. GM3 was not detected in normal skin whereas GD2 was detected on the basal and stratum spinosum of the epidermis and on peripheral nerves in the dermis. GD3 was expressed on melanocytes but not on most other components of normal skin. However, GD3 was strongly expressed on epidermis adjacent to naevi and primary melanoma whereas GD2, in contrast to that in normal skin, was not expressed on the epidermis adjacent to 26/29 primary melanoma. All naevi were positive for GM3 and GD3 except that GM3 was not detected on junctional components of naevi. GD2 was not expressed on naevi except in areas showing neuroid differentiation. Studies on melanoma revealed that approximately 60% of primary and 75% of metastatic melanoma expressed GM3 to a varying extent. With 2 exceptions, all primary and metastatic melanomas expressed GD3 although there was variable expression within most of the individual tumours. GD2 was detected in only approximately 25% of primary and 50% of metastatic melanomas. Both GD2 and GD3 were detected on lymphocytes surrounding melanoma. The higher expression of GD2 on metastases compared to primary melanomas was consistent with the view that GD2 expression was associated with increased metastatic potential. However, the low proportion of metastases expressing GD2 and the absence of any correlation with thickness of the primary tumour suggested that GD2 expression was not a reliable marker of metastatic potential. No differences could be detected in ganglioside expression on metastases in skin or lymph nodes. These results appear to have implications for the use of MAbs against gangliosides in therapy of melanoma and in the study of melanocytic differentiation.
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PMID:Expression of the gangliosides GM3, GD3 and GD2 in tissue sections of normal skin, naevi, primary and metastatic melanoma. 334 97

Murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were produced with reactivity to human malignant melanoma. Six MAbs, 3 of the IgGI (LS113, LS140, LS152) and 3 of the IgG2a (LS59, LS62, LS76) subclasses, were selected for their binding, with an identical pattern of reactivity, to a novel melanoma-associated antigen. As characterized by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), these MAbs were found to be positive on n-octyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside extracts of all 10 melanoma cell lines tested and on extracts of 22 metastatic melanoma tumors. The antibodies had minimal reaction with a panel of 14 normal adult tissue extracts. A degree of cross-reactivity was observed with 50% of 39 non-melanoma tumor extracts. The results obtained with the ELISA on cell line and tissue extracts were duplicated using the ABC method of peroxidase staining. The pattern of cross-reactivity, as demonstrated by the intense staining of paraffin-embedded and frozen tissue sections of normal, benign and malignant tissues, defines the recognized protein as a neuroglandular antigen (NGA). Immunoadsorbents made with the antibodies were used to purify the antigen shed from cultured melanomas. All 6 MAbs recognized this purified antigen while 5 other antimelanoma antibodies did not react with it. On gel electrophoresis this antigen is a highly glycosylated glycoprotein with a protein core of 21 kDa.
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PMID:Characterization of a novel neuroglandular antigen (NGA) expressed on abnormal human melanocytes. 380 88