Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0278883 (metastatic melanoma)
 6,224 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Glioblastoma remains a fatal tumor despite increased knowledge regarding the complex signalling pathways that drive this devastating disease. Recently, immunotherapeutic approaches have shown remarkable and durable responses in various cancers including metastatic melanoma and advanced non-small cell lung cancer. So far, it remains unclear whether these immunotherapeutics may also work against glioblastoma and other tumors residing in the central nervous system. It is well known that patients with glioblastoma suffer from profound local immunosuppression that represents the major hurdle to overcome in the context of immunotherapy. Several studies have demonstrated that this immunosuppressive phenotype is orchestrated by glioma-derived membrane-bound and soluble factors as well as the particular microenvironment within the brain. Here, we discuss the molecular and cellular pathways involved in glioblastoma-mediated inhibition of the immune system and highlight possible treatment approaches aiming at reinvigorating anti-tumor immune responses.
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PMID:The network of immunosuppressive pathways in glioblastoma. 2801 75

Immunotherapy is a promising new therapeutic field that has demonstrated significant benefits in many solid-tumor malignancies, such as metastatic melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer. However, only a subset of these patients responds to treatment. Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor with a poor prognosis of 14.6 months and few treatment advancements over the last 10 years. There are many clinical trials testing immune therapies in GBM, but patient responses in these studies have been highly variable and a definitive benefit has yet to be identified. Biomarkers are used to quantify normal physiology and physiological response to therapies. When extensively characterized and vigorously validated, they have the potential to delineate responders from non-responders for patients treated with immunotherapy in malignancies outside of the central nervous system (CNS) as well as GBM. Due to the challenges of current modalities of radiographic diagnosis and disease monitoring, identification of new predictive and prognostic biomarkers to gauge response to immune therapy for patients with GBM will be critical in the precise treatment of this highly heterogenous disease. This review will explore the current and future strategies for the identification of potential biomarkers in the field of immunotherapy for GBM, as well as highlight major challenges of adapting immune therapy for CNS malignancies.
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PMID:Biomarkers for immunotherapy for treatment of glioblastoma. 3247 11