Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0278488 (metastatic breast cancer)
 7,812 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The Breast Cancer Mucin (BCM) enzyme immunoassay utilizes two monoclonal antibodies (Mab), M85/34 and F36/22, for the identification of a mucin-like glycoprotein in serum of breast cancer patients. We have compared BCM with CA 15-3, another member of the human mammary epithelial antigen family. Serum BCM was evaluated in 151 and CA 15-3 in 134 patients with breast cancer, in 30 normal controls, in 9 pregnant women, and in 13 cancer patients (non-breast). Neither the normal controls nor the pregnant women had BCM levels greater than 25 U/ml. In contrast, 87 of 115 patients (75%) with metastatic breast cancer had BCM levels greater than 25 U/ml. All control persons had CA 15-3 levels less than 25 U/ml, but 2 out of 9 pregnant women (22%) had levels greater than 25 U/ml. Seventy-four out of 97 patients (76%) with metastatic breast cancer had CA 15-3 levels greater than 25 U/ml. A statistically significant correlation was found between BCM and CA 15-3 in the breast cancer patient group (r = 0.883, p less than 0.001, n = 134) and in the normal control group (r = 0.743, p less than 0.001, n = 30). BCM and CA 15.3 both showed no correlation with CEA in breast cancer patients (r = 0.060, n = 81; and r = 0.146, n = 78, respectively). BCM had a range of sensitivity similar to that of the CA 15-3 RIA. Our results suggest that BCM may be a useful new marker for monitoring the clinical course of patients with breast cancer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Comparison of breast cancer mucin (BCM) and CA 15-3 in human breast cancer. 209 94

Mucin-like carcinoma-associated antigen (MCA) is a new tumor associated antigen expressed on breast cancer cells independent of histological type and recognized by a two-site sandwich EIA (Roche) using the Mab b-12 as capture and detection antibody and a MCA cut-off of 11 U/ml. MCA serum levels were determined in 409 breast cancer patients and in 100 pts with benign breast disease histologically confirmed and staged according to UICC. The sensitivity of MCA regarding the stage of disease was elevated only in metastatic patients (89%) and the MCA values of this group were significantly different compared to those of patients with early or locally advanced breast cancer. In the group of benign patients, the specificity was 81%. The correlation between MCA values and number of involved axillary lymph nodes showed significant differences in the O versus 4-10 node subgroup (p < 0.001), in O versus > 10 and in 1-3 versus 4-10 node subgroup (p < 0.05); elevated MCA sensitivity was found in the 4-10 and > 10 subgroups. In our experience, the determination of MCA is not useful for early diagnosis of breast cancer nor does it indicate the extent of lymph node involvement. With regard to the prediction of tumor recurrence in postoperative patients free of disease, MCA levels increased concomitantly with the clinical evidence of relapse. These findings suggest that the MCA assay is highly sensitive only in patients with metastatic breast cancer; therefore one of the most promising test application seems to be for monitoring the clinical course of advanced disease patients.
 ...
PMID:MCA performance in preoperative breast cancer patients. 776 34

Mucin-like Carcinoma-associated Antigen (MCA) has been associated with many breast cancers. The aim of this study was to evaluate MCA in tumor tissue and serum as a potential tumor marker for prognosis and disease monitoring. MCA levels were determined in the tissue of 196 patients with primary breast cancer, 25 with metastatic disease and 25 patients with benign diseases, in pellet and/or cytosol. MCA levels were also determined in the serum of 50 patients with benign diseases, 148 with primary breast cancer (Mo), 150 with metastatic breast cancer (MT), and 200 with no clinical evidence of disease (NED). MCA tissue concentrations in pellet and cytosol were similar: 66.7 + 251 U/mg and 41.1 + 53 U/mg, respectively. No relationship between MCA levels and tumor size or nodal involvement was found. Higher MCA levels were observed in patients with ER+ or PgR+ tumors than in those with ER- or PgR- tumors (p < 0.01). Patients with MCA pellet concentrations lower than 10 U/mg of protein had shorter disease-free intervals (DFI) than those with higher values (p < 0.05). Abnormally high serum levels of MCA were found in 8% of patients with benign diseases, 4% of NED patients, 22% of Mo patients, and in 76% of MT cases. In primary breast cancer MCA values were related to tumor size and nodal involvement. A trend toward a lower DFI in patients with elevated presurgical MCA levels was observed but was of no statistical significance. These differences became statistically significant when patients were subdivided according to nodal status, with shorter DFI in those without nodal invasion (p < 0.05). In metastatic patients, changes in serum MCA were related to the tumor's response to treatment in 82% of cases. The highest MCA values were found in patients with liver or bone metastasis and the lowest values were found in those with locoregional recurrence. In conclusion, although MCA is not a specific tumor marker, it can be useful as a prognostic factor (tissue and serum) and in monitoring metastatic patients.
 ...
PMID:Mucin-like carcinoma-associated antigen (MCA) in tissue and serum of patients with breast cancer: clinical applications in prognosis and disease monitoring. 836 94

The objective of this review is to determine clinical practical guidelines for the use of serum tumor markers in the care of breast cancer patients outside of clinical trials. Mucin antigens (CA 15-3, MCA, CA 549) and CEA are established markers in breast cancer. Owing to their low sensitivity, none of these markers can be recommended for screening, diagnosis or staging. During follow-up, increasing marker levels may indicate recurrence 3-6 months earlier than clinical and radiological examinations in about 40-50% of patients. However, the clinical benefit of this lead-time is not established. Tumor markers are able to monitor response to treatment in 70-80% of patients with metastatic breast cancer. However, paradoxical changes of the markers especially in the beginning of treatment, the insufficient concordance with tumor activity in 20-30% of the women, and the lack of curative therapy regimens limit the prospective clinical use of the markers in the individual patient. Therefore, marker changes require confirmation by radiological methods in most cases. The present data are insufficient to recommend routine use of tumor markers alone for monitoring breast cancer patients after primary treatment or during palliative therapy. However, in the absence of readily measurable disease (e. g. bone metastases) continuously increasing marker levels may be used to indicate treatment failure. If high-dose chemotherapy in metastatic breast cancer renders to be effective, the clinical impact of tumor markers will increase considerably. Until that time, the analytical performance and the sensitivity of the established marker assays should be improved, and the clinical role of newer marker tests (TPS, CA 27.29) should be evaluated.
 ...
PMID:[Considerations in rational use of tumor markers in breast carcinoma]. 962 26

Mucin 1 (MUC1), a tumor-associated antigen, is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed by normal epithelial cells and overexpressed by carcinomas of epithelial origin. Autoantibodies against MUC1 are often found in circulation, either free or bound to immune complexes, which might contribute to limit tumor outgrowth and dissemination by antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and were found favorably predictive of survival in early breast cancer patients. There is no commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit for detecting the anti-MUC1 antibodies in human serum thus far. To detect circulating anti-MUC1 antibodies, we established an indirect ELISA (I-ELISA) using a recombinant MUC1 protein containing six tandem repeat sequences of MUC1 after the antigenicity and specificity of the protein were confirmed. The I-ELISA had a sensitivity of 91.3% and a specificity of 94.1% when a competitive I-ELISA was used as a reference test. The results showed that more patients with benign breast tumors (P = 0.001) and breast cancer patients before primary treatment (P = 0.010) were found to have anti-MUC1 IgG than healthy women; anti-MUC1 IgG before primary treatment was found more than after primary treatment (P = 0.016) in breast cancer patients. Interestingly, the anti-MUC1 IgG serum level was reversely correlated to that of CA15-3 antigen in advanced-stage patients (r = -0.4294, P = 0.046). Our study has demonstrated the suitability of the established I-ELISA for detecting circulating anti-MUC1 antibodies in human serum. Furthermore, we found that circulating anti-MUC1 antibodies may still bind MUC1 shed into blood in stage IV breast cancer, which can support the use of MUC1-target immune therapy strategies.
 ...
PMID:Detection of circulating anti-mucin 1 (MUC1) antibodies in breast tumor patients by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a recombinant MUC1 protein containing six tandem repeats and expressed in Escherichia coli. 2087 19