Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0278488 (metastatic breast cancer)
 7,812 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serum protein-bound carbohydrates, L-fucose, sialic acid, D-galactose, and D-mannose, were measured as potential biologic markers in patients with breast cancer with the use of high-resolution anion exchange separation in combination with a sensitive cerate oxidimetric fluorescence detector system. For 22 randomly selected patients with proved metastatic breast cancer, both L-fucose and sialic acid levels were above the normal range in 21 patients (95%). In contrast, D-mannose was increased in the sera of 9 patients (41%), and D-galactose in 6 (27%). By comparison, the level of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was elevated in 14 patients (64%). The levels for serially determined serum protein-bound carbohydrates paralleled objective changes of response or progression in 5 patients with measurable disease. As might be expected, the degree and pattern of elevation for the individual carbohydrates varied for each patient studied. Combinations of serum protein-bound carbohydrates, particularly L-fucose and sialic acid, and, in addition, CEA, appear to have promise as potential biomarkers for following the course of the disease in patients with metastatic breast cancer.
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PMID:Serum protein-bound carbohydrates for following the course of disease in patients with metastatic breast carcinoma. 27 47

Twenty-two patients with previously untreated metastatic breast cancer and nineteen patients with refractory metastatic breast cancer were treated with trimetrexate (TMTX). Patients received TMTX 8 mg/m2/day if previously treated or 12 mg/m2/day if previously untreated, both given by intravenous bolus days 1-5, every 21 days. None of the patients previously treated for metastatic disease responded to TMTX. There was one partial responder among the 22 patients with previously untreated metastatic disease. The primary toxicity was hematologic and occurred more frequently in patients with a pleural effusion, low serum protein or albumin, or poor performance status. There were three toxic deaths. The study for previously untreated patients required cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and 5-fluorouracil (CAF) after 4 cycles of TMTX. This study design for previously untreated patients allows the Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) to prospectively evaluate the activity of new agents in "chemotherapy-sensitive" metastatic breast cancer.
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PMID:Trimetrexate in untreated and previously treated patients with metastatic breast cancer: a Cancer and Leukemia Group B study. 182 34

Through the use of fluorine-18 radiolabeled estrogen receptor ligands and Positron Emission Tomography (PET), imaging of estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast lesions has been accomplished. Targeting the estrogen and progesterone receptors found in receptor-positive breast cancer provides a means of diagnosing the disease non-invasively. The structure-activity relationship of evaluated fluorine-18 ligands are summarized and design considerations for construction of novel target ligands discussed. The role of the serum protein sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) in transport and metabolism of estrogens is related to target tissue uptake. A historical review of fluorine-18 radiolabeled estrogens includes the clinical study of 16 alpha-[18F]fluoroestradiol-17 beta (18FES) for imaging ER+ breast lesions. The success of 18FES in the clinical setting has shown the significance of PET in imaging primary and metastatic breast cancer by allowing for assessment of tumor response to tamoxifen therapy after as little as 7 days of treatment. Advantages of visualizing the tumor through targeting the progesterone receptor (PR) include PET imaging to follow the progress of tamoxifen therapy while the estrogen receptors are blocked. Clinical studies with the PR ligand 21-[18F]fluoro-16 alpha-ethyl-19-norprogesterone (18FENP) were not successful due to high hepatic uptake and poor correlation of tumor uptake with receptor content. Second generation PR ligands with decreased non-specific binding are predicted to be effective imaging agents for human PR+ breast cancer from studies in the immature rat and are ready for clinical evaluation.
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PMID:PET imaging of breast cancer with fluorine-18 radiolabeled estrogens and progestins. 964 40

The risk of distant recurrence in breast cancer patients is difficult to assess with current clinical and histopathological parameters, and no validated serum biomarkers currently exist. Using a recently developed recombinant antibody microarray platform containing 135 antibodies against 65 mainly immunoregulatory proteins, we screened 240 sera from 64 patients with primary breast cancer. This unique longitudinal sample material was collected from each patient between 0 and 36 mo after the primary operation. The velocity for each serum protein was determined by comparing the samples collected at the primary operation and then 3-6 mo later. A 21-protein signature was identified, using leave-one-out cross-validation together with a backward elimination strategy in a training cohort. This signature was tested and evaluated subsequently in an independent test cohort (prevalidation). The risk of developing distant recurrence after primary operation could be assessed for each patient, using her molecular portraits. The results from this prevalidation study showed that patients could be classified into high- versus low-risk groups for developing metastatic breast cancer with a receiver operating characteristic area under the curve of 0.85. This risk assessment was not dependent on the type of adjuvant therapy received by the patients. Even more importantly, we demonstrated that this protein signature provided an added value compared with conventional clinical parameters. Consequently, we present here a candidate serum biomarker signature able to classify patients with primary breast cancer according to their risk of developing distant recurrence, with an accuracy outperforming current procedures.
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PMID:Molecular serum portraits in patients with primary breast cancer predict the development of distant metastases. 2184 63

Breast cancer accounted for 15 per cent of total cancer deaths in female patients in 2010. Although significant progress has been made in treating early-stage breast cancer patients, there is still no effective therapy targeting late-stage metastatic breast cancers except for the conventional chemotherapy interventions. Until effective therapy for later-stage cancers emerges, the identification of biomarkers for the early detection of tumour metastasis continues to hold the key to successful management of breast cancer therapy. Our study concentrated on the low molecular weight (LMW) region of the serum protein and the information it contains for identifying biomarkers that could reflect the ongoing physiological state of all tissues. Owing to technical difficulties in harvesting LMW species, studying these proteins/peptides has been challenging until now. In our study, we have recently developed nanoporous chip-based technologies to separate small proteins/peptides from the large proteins in serum. We used nanoporous silica chips, with a highly periodic nanostructure and uniform pore size distribution, to isolate LMW proteins and peptides from the serum of nude mice with MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer lung metastasis. By matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and biostatistical analysis, we were able to identify protein signatures unique to different stages of cancer development. The approach and results reported in this study possess a significant potential for the discovery of proteomic biomarkers that may significantly enhance personalized medicine targeted at metastatic breast cancer.
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PMID:Monitoring the progression of metastatic breast cancer on nanoporous silica chips. 2250 65