Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0278488 (metastatic breast cancer)
 7,812 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Plasma carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and serum enzyme levels of phosphohexose isomerase (PHI), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (psi-GTP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured in 147 patients with malignancy. Levels were higher in patients (particularly with G.I., breast and lung cancers) than in normals or in patients with cancer in clinical remission. Elevations of CEA and of all three enzymes in blood were most frequent in patients with hepatic metastases. CEA elevations correlated directly with PHI levels. Seventy-eight percent of patients with metastatic G.I. cancer could be identified by CEA (greater than 5 ng/ml) alone, as well as 38% with breast cancer and 85% with lung cancer; but only 17% of other cancers could be identified by CEA alone. CEA or one or more enzymes was elevated in 64% of metastatic breast cancer patients, 92% of lung cancer and 41% of other cancers, but enzyme measurement did not increase identification of G.I. cancer over that achieved by CEA alone. These findings suggest that circulating levels of CEA, PHI, psi-GTP and LDH may reflect a direct contribution from the malignant tissue and/or liver malfunction secondary to liver replacement.
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PMID:Carcinoembryonic antigen and phosphohexose isomerase, gammaglutamyl transpeptidase and lactate dehydorgenase levels in patients with and without liver metastases. 0 19

The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic significance of serum tumor markers in metastatic breast cancer and to evaluate their usefulness in monitoring palliative treatment. One hundred sixty-two breast cancer patients with various disease involvement have been followed-up by serum beta-human chorionic gonadotrophin (beta-HCG), alkaline phosphatase (AP), phosphohexose isomerase (PHI), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) analysis for 6 to 29 months. In metastatic disease, rates of elevated tumor marker levels ranging between 44% and 91% were found except for beta-HCG (13%). The low rate of positive beta-HCG values did not suggest that routine estimation may be useful. For the other markers, differences in positive rates were seen when site of metastasis, tumor burden, tumor activity, and stage of disease were taken into account. CEA and TPA were shown to be more sensitive indicators for metastatic disease than AP and PHI. TPA was more sensitive but less specific than CEA; both provided almost identical discrimination. In monitoring palliative treatment, a close correlation was found between the clinical course and changes of CEA. AP and PHI frequently became elevated only in very advanced disease, their elevation supported the clinical evidence of progression.
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PMID:Serum tumor markers in metastatic breast cancer and course of disease. 619 67