Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0278488 (metastatic breast cancer)
 7,812 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Plasma carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and serum enzyme levels of phosphohexose isomerase (PHI), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (psi-GTP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured in 147 patients with malignancy. Levels were higher in patients (particularly with G.I., breast and lung cancers) than in normals or in patients with cancer in clinical remission. Elevations of CEA and of all three enzymes in blood were most frequent in patients with hepatic metastases. CEA elevations correlated directly with PHI levels. Seventy-eight percent of patients with metastatic G.I. cancer could be identified by CEA (greater than 5 ng/ml) alone, as well as 38% with breast cancer and 85% with lung cancer; but only 17% of other cancers could be identified by CEA alone. CEA or one or more enzymes was elevated in 64% of metastatic breast cancer patients, 92% of lung cancer and 41% of other cancers, but enzyme measurement did not increase identification of G.I. cancer over that achieved by CEA alone. These findings suggest that circulating levels of CEA, PHI, psi-GTP and LDH may reflect a direct contribution from the malignant tissue and/or liver malfunction secondary to liver replacement.
Cancer 1976 Apr
PMID:Carcinoembryonic antigen and phosphohexose isomerase, gammaglutamyl transpeptidase and lactate dehydorgenase levels in patients with and without liver metastases. 0 19

The metabolic mechanism for increased circulating free fatty acids in post-menopausal women with metastatic breast cancer was investigated. Hormone and metabolic response to glucose and growth hormone were compared to cancer patients and control subjects; thyroid, adrenal and pituitary function were evaluated. The results of these studies indicated that breast cancer patients had glucose intolerance and delayed and prolonged insulin secretion, increased basal growth hormone levels and insensitivity of adipose tissue to growth hormone. Cortisol and protein-bound iodine levels were normal and there was no lipolytic factor in the sera of breast cancer patients. The changes observed in breast cancer patients were not attributable to age, obesity, inanition or stress. These metabolic abnormalities may characterize host susceptibility to breast cancer or be effects of tumor.
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PMID:Metabolic parameters in women with metastatic breast cancer. 4 95

The length of survival of 302 patients with breast cancer first treated between 1946 and 1949, who had mostly only contemporary radiotherapy for metastases, has been reviewed and compared with that of 578 patients, first treated between 1966 and 1969, who had modern endocrine therapy, cancer chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Although patients in the latter group demonstrated a significantly increased length of survival after the first metastases appeared, these differences were not substantial. In spite of impressive regressions in some patients with metastatic breast cancer after modern palliative therapy, the median survival after the first appearance of metastases has been increased only by about 6 months.
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PMID:Effect of current palliative treatment on the survival of patients with breast cancer. 6 91

Nineteen postmenopausal patients with metastatic breast cancer refractory to conventional combination chemotherapy were treated with monthly cycles with the combinations of vinblastine, adriamycin, thiotepa and halotestin. Ten patients (52%) responded with a greater than 50% regression of measurable tumor. The median duration of response was 11.5 months, with 5/10 patients still responding at a mean follow-up of 10 months. Only 2/10 responders have died with a mean follow-up of 13.8 months. In contrast, 8/9 nonresponders have died (median survival 6.0 months). Response to therapy was neither influenced by site of disease, time interval from diagnosis to primary chemotherapy nor duration of response to primary chemotherapy. No patient was hospitalized because of drug induced toxicity. This combination of drugs is a tolerable effective regimen for patients relapsing after adjuvant chemotherapy or after primary combination chemotherapy for grossly metastatic disease.
Cancer 1978 Dec
PMID:Vinblastine, adriamycin, thiotepa, and halotestin (VATH): therapy for advanced breast cancer refractory to prior chemotherapy. 10 10

Ninety-eight patients with metastatic breast cancer, heavily pretreated with other agents, were entered in a phase II trial of hexamethylmelamine (HEX). Patients were randomized to receive HEX alone or combined with prophylactic pyridoxine. There was a 2% response rate in 89 partially or fully evaluable patients. Seven percent of these patients developed neurologic toxicity which occurred in the HEX-alone group only.
Cancer Treat Rep 1979 Aug
PMID:Phase II evaluation of hexamethylmelamine in advanced breast cancer: a Southwest Oncology Group study. 11 95

Calusterone was given at a dose of 200 mg daily to 45 postmenopausal patients with advanced metastatic breast cancer. Of the 40 evaluable patients, 11 were unable to tolerate the drug because of severe toxicity. Objective regression of soft tissue disease and relief of bone pain were seen in four patients (9.1%) for an average duration of 15.2 weeks. Thirteen patients showed an arrest of disease progression. In 12 patients the lesions continued to progress in spite of therapy. Toxic effects consisting of nausea, vomiting, fluid retention, SGOT elevation, and androgenic side effects were seen in 33 patients (75%), necessitating discontinuation of the drug in 11 (25%).
Cancer Treat Rep
PMID:Calusterone therapy for advanced breast cancer. 14 27

We treated 56 women with advanced metastatic breast cancer who had not received prior chemotherapy in a comparative trial of cytotoxic chemotherapy with low-dose adriamycin plus cyclophosphamide alone or in combination with the androgenic steroid calusterone. The response rate to chemohormonal therapy (65%) could not be shown to be statistically better than that for chemotherapy alone (53%) for this size patient population. However, the median remission duration (21.5 months) was significantly prolonged over the 11.5-month remission duration for chemotherapy alone (p = 0.03). The median survival of the chemohormonal therapy group was 23.5 months, whereas that for chemotherapy alone was 13.5 months (p = 0.05). These results indicate that the addition of a potent hormonal agent to effective cytotoxic chemotherapy improves the results of treatment of women with metastatic breast cancer.
Cancer 1979 Jan
PMID:Comparative trial of low-dose adriamycin plus cyclophosphamide with or without additive hormonal therapy in advanced breast cancer. 15 87

The estrogen receptor was assayed, using the 2,000g supernatant and dextran-coated charcoal method, in 243 tissue samples from human breast cancer, benign breast diseases, macroscopically normal breast tissues, normal uterine myometrium, and uterine myoma. The estrogen receptor was found to be positive in 52.1% of 98 primary breast cancer and in 54.1% of 24 metastatic tumors. The receptor in the breast cancer was found to be similar to that in normal uterine myometrium in the binding character; that is, the dissociation constant of 10(-9) approximately 10(-11) M and number of binding sites of 0 approximately 2,800 fmol/mg protein. There was no correlation between the presence of the receptor and some clinical factors such as menopausal status, age of the patient, urinary 17-ketosteroid excretion, clinical stage of cancer, tumor size, positive or negative axillary lymph node metastasis, histological type, metastatic site of the cancer, or disease-free interval. The estrogen receptor appeared to be retained by metastasis of cancer, and this may lead to the use of the receptor assay with mastectomy specimens for the prediction of response to hormonal therapy in future recurrence of malignancy. Furthermore, it may be possible by this assay to select patients suitable for adjuvant therapy with hormones at the time of mastectomy. A good correlation was found between the presence of the receptor and response to the major endocrine ablation therapy in patients with advanced or metastatic breast cancer. When the receptor was negative in the cancer tissue, the change of response to the endocrine therapy was minimum. On the other hand, if the cancer contained the receptor, approximately 60% of the patients with metastatic or advanced breast cancer responded well to the major endocrine ablation therapy. Thus, the estrogen receptor of breast cancer in Japanese patients appears to bear a close resemblance to that reported in Western patients in its incidence and the correlation to some biological characteristics of the cancer.
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PMID:Estrogen receptor in breast cancer of the Japanese. 19 78

Tamoxifen is a synthetic nonsteroidal drug with antiestrogenic properties. This report describes the response of patients with metastatic breast cancer to tamoxifen and correlates clinical responses with tumor tissue content of cytoplasmic estrogen binding proteins (EBPs) and other biochemical parameters. Ages of patients ranged from 27 to 82 years. 7 patients were premenopausal, 63 postmenopausal, and 2 had recent endocrine ablaetion. Prior hormone therapy, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy ahd been given to all patients. Tamoxifen was given at a dose of 20 mg orally for a minimum of 4 weeks and continued if an objective remission was shown. Before therapy a biopsy specimen was taken for determination of EBP and for specific enzyme activities. Another biopsy specimen was taken for at least 8 weeks after therapy. A total of 72 patients were treated for at least 4 weeks. The overall response rate was 38%. Most frequent responses were in the over-70 age group. The median duration of response has been 9.5 months. Bony involvement responded to therapy in 21 of 28 patients. No responses were shown in 6 patients with liver metastases. Only 1 of 18 patients who had previous chemotherapy responded. Of 31 who had no prior chemotherapy, 73% achieved a remission. There was a 44% correlation between patients with a positive EBP assay and response to therapy, but none in EBP-negative patients. In this study 20 of 28 patients had normal arylsulfatase B/DNA ratios in their tumor tissue and 11 of the 20 responded to tamoxifen therapy. Patients who responded most favorably to therapy had normal G-6-PD activities. It is concluded that tamoxifen therapy may cancel the need for ablative surgery in postmenopausal patients with positive EBPs and who have had a prior response to additive hormonal treatment.
Cancer Treat Rep 1976 Oct
PMID:Therapeutic use of tamoxifen in advanced breast cancer: correlation with biochemical parameters. 19 Nov 85

In a group of 74 patients with advanced metastatic breast cancer, 57% of those with cytoplasmic oestrogen receptor activity in their tumours (REC+) showed a clinical response to endocrine therapy. Of 51 patients whose tumour was assayed for both REC and cytoplasmic progesterone (RPC) activity, 9/12 patients with REC+ RPC+ tumours responded to hormone treatment, whereas only 3/30 patients with REC-RPC-tumours had a clinical response. In a group of 19 patients in whom nuclear oestrogen receptor (REN) was also estimated in the pellets from tumour-tissue homogenates, 5/6 with tumours positive for all 3 receptors showed a clinical response. None of the 9 patients with triply negative tumours responded. Addition of the REN assay appears to reinforce the greater precision of prediction when RPC as well as REC are estimated in breast tumours.
Br J Cancer 1979 Dec
PMID:Triple hormone-receptor assay: a more accurate predictive tool for the treatment of advanced breast cancer? 23 Aug 53


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