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Query: UMLS:C0278134 (anesthesia)
 110,339 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This is a microchromatographic method for simultaneous determinations of O2, N2, CO2 and N2O in gas samples of 40-100 microliters. A Packard 836 U gas chromatograph with a thermal conductivity detector and helium gas as carrier was used. The combination of Porapak and 5A molecular sieve column system was found adequate and is described in detail. The fidelity of this method was proved by a high constancy of the retention time, the linearity of the response and the reproducibility of results. The present method proved to be reliable for determination of all middle ear gases in man and experimental animals during general anesthesia with N2O.
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PMID:Micromethod for determination of middle ear gas composition. 47 56

Experiments have been performed to examine the effects of activating the carotid body chemoreceptors and the arterial baroreceptors on the discharge of neurones within the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus of the rat. Chemoreceptors were activated by intracarotid injection of 0.9% NaCl solution equilibrated with 100% CO2. The baroreceptors of the carotid sinus and aortic arch were activated by raising the blood pressure with an intravenous injection of phenylephrine. Chemoreceptor stimulation activated and baroreceptor stimulation inhibited the discharge of all the phasically discharging neurones tested. Neither stimulus had any consistent effect on non-phasically discharging neurones, although slight inhibition occasionally occurred. Anaesthesia of the carotid bifurcation abolished the effects of cardiovascular stimulation on the supraoptic neurones. Responses resumed when the anaesthesia wore off. However, the anaesthesia also seemed to alter the phasic pattern of discharge. The results are discussed with reference to the influence of the cardiovascular receptors upon the neurones in the supraoptic nucleus, and with reference to possible roles for the cardiovascular reflexes in control of vasopressin secretion.
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PMID:Effects of chemoreceptor and baroreceptor stimulation on the discharge of hypothalamic supraoptic neurones in rats. 47 26

A clinical report on the detection of venous air embolism during neurosurgery is presented. The use of end-tidal CO2 monitoring is described.
Anaesthesia 1979 Jun
PMID:Detection of venous air embolism. A clinical report using end-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring during neurosurgery. 48 17

In normal weight subjects, classified by a 2-h glucose infusion test as having normal (11), borderline (3) or pathological (9) carbohydrate tolerance (CHT), subcutaneous adipose tissue was removed under intracutaneous anesthesia by surgical biopsy. The biological responsiveness of isolated adipocytes as well as adipose tissue fragments measured as incorportion of (1-14C) glucose into CO2 or triglycerides was studied in the absence or presence of different insulin concentrations. In persons with normal CHT the insulin-stimulated (62.5 microU/ml) glucose conversion to CO2 by adipocytes as well as fat pads increased significantly up to 156 +/- 14% and 285 +/- 30%, respectively. Insulin enhanced the glucose incorporation into triglycerides up to 154 +/- 20% (fat cells) and 258 +/- 30% (fat pads) in adipose tissue from subjects displaying a normal CHT. Rates of glucose oxidation and triglyceride synthesis was markedly reduced in adipose tissue obtained from patients with borderline or pathological CHT. A significant positive relationship was found between glucose oxiation to CO2 and triglyceride production of fat cells and fat pads (r = 0.964 and 0.783, respectively). There was no correlation with responsiveness of adipose tissue to insulin and insulin secretion during glucose infusion test. The results indicate that sensitivity to insulin of target cells might be important for the development of carbohydrate intolerance also in normal weight subjects.
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PMID:Insulin responsiveness of adipose tissue from normal weight subjects with early diabetes. 52 10

The Bain breathing circuit, a modified Mapleson D system, was evaluated with regard to oxygenation and CO2 elimination under controlled conditions and compared with the presently popular semiclosed breathing circuit (SCBC) with CO2 absorber. The authors demonstrated that the Bain system compares favorably with the SCBC in regard to oxygenation of manually ventilated patients with fresh gas inflow of 70 ml/kg/min while maintaining a PaCO2 at a mean of 38 torr versus an SCBC mean of 32 torr. The authors were impressed with the clinical simplicity, efficiency, and versatility of the Bain system and believe that it will play a major role in the future of anesthesia-machine design.
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PMID:Is the Bain breathing circuit the future anesthesia system? An evaluation. 55 14

The effect of Innovar on ventilatory response to CO2 was studied in 35 patients undergoing peripheral surgery with regional anesthesia. The dosage schedule (per 70 kg body weight) was 2 ml intramuscularly, prior to the block, and 1 ml intravenously, after the block. The decrease in mean CO2 response slope (15 percent decrease from control 30 minutes after the first dose) was not statistically significant. Control slope varied inversely with age (r = 0.41, p less than 0.05), and (in 22 patients) directly with the FEV1/FVC ratio (r = 0.54, p less than 0.02) and with the combined variables (FEV1/FVC)/age (r = 0.58, p less than 0.01). Depression of CO2 response slope following Innovar did not vary with age or FEV1. We conclude that, in otherwise normal patients, these doses of innovar cause only minor depression of ventilatory response to CO2. However, in those patients who already have a depressed response (the elderly and those with a decreased FEV1/FVC ratio), this additional depression occasionally may be clinically important.
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PMID:Age, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and Innovar induced ventilatory depression during regional anesthesia. 56 87

A pediatric anesthesia system was constructed by connecting the machine end of a modified Mapleson D system to a soda lime canister containing a water vaporizer heated through the reaction of neutralization of the lime by the CO2 emerging from the breathing tube. The vaporizer was placed in line with the fresh-gas delivery tube of the circuit. The humidity output of the system varied from 15 +/- 1 mg H2O/L with a CO2 output of 15 ml/L to 27 +/- 1.5 mg H2O/L with a CO2 output of 60 ml/min. Rebreathing of CO2 was within acceptable limits as long as fresh-gas inflow remained at 5 L/min. The system compares favorably in respect to its humidity output with all other circuits availabe on the market for pediatric anesthesia.
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PMID:An infant circuit with a water vaporizer warmed by carbon dioxide neutralization. 56 48

Complete vascular isolation of the hindlimbs was performed in vagotomized cats under Sodium Pentobarbital anesthesia. The hindlimbs were perfused at constant flow with blood kept at a constant and physiological PO2, PCO2, and pH values by means of a specially designed pump-oxygenator system. The animals were hyperventilated with different CO2 mixtures (0%, 5%, 7% and 10% in O2) thereby changing blood gases and pH levels in the upper body but not in the hindlimb vascular bed. At body PaCO2 (mm Hg) of 13.7 +/- 1.0 (means +/- SE), 30.6 +/- 1.05, 40,4 +/- 0,9 and 58.4 +/- 2.9 the hindlimb perfusion pressure (mm Hg) was, respectively 124 +/- 7.6, 138 +/- 7.4, 156 +/- 11.9 and 187 +/- 15.1. These changes in perfusion pressure were still present after complete peripheral chemoreceptor denervation but were abolished after section of the spinal cord at the T5 level. Since hindlimb perfusion pressure fell when body PaCO2 was lowered below physiological levels it is concluded that part of the neurogenic vascular tone of the hindlimbs is maintained by a CO2 mediated stimulation of supraspinal structures.
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PMID:CO2-dependent component of the neurogenic vascular tone in the cat. 56 27

Procaine suppresses the cough reflex, decreases laryngeal irritability, and has general anesthetic properties. For these reasons, 14 pediatric patients undergoing CO2 laser resection of laryngeal papillomas were studied in which an intravenous infusion of procaine (1 mg/kg/min) was added to N2O-O2 halothane/enflurane general anesthesia immediately following endotracheal intubation. These patients were compared to nine patients receiving the same anesthesia without procaine. The mean age of both groups was 11 years. There was no difference between the groups in duration of anesthesia or surgery. Emergence, however, averaged 15 minutes in study patients compared to 36 minutes in the control group (p less than 0.01). There was no difference in anesthetic concentrations required to maintain satisfactory operative conditions in the two groups. Muscle relaxants were required intraoperatively in seven control patients but in none of the study patients. The surgeon ranked the operative conditions excellent in all study patients but poor in seven of the nine control patients. Five of the latter required postoperative treatment of laryngeal complications, including reintubation in three. Only one of the study patients had postoperative stridor. No evidence of procaine toxicity was noted in the study patients with total doses ranging from 500--3600 mg. Intravenous procaine is useful in pediatric patients having endoscopic laryngeal operations.
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PMID:Intravenous procaine as a supplement to general anesthesia for carbon dioxide laser resection for carbon dioxide laser resection of laryngeal papillomas in children. 57 34

In order to know the mode of action of norepinephrine in enhanced utilization of plasma free fatty acids (FFA) in cold acclimation, albumin-bound 14C-palmitate was infused intravenously at a constant rate into cold- and warm-acclimated rats under pentobarbital anesthesia with and without norepinephrine infusion. Rectal temperature, CO2 output and plasma FFA, from which the rates of FFA uptake and oxidation were calculated, were determined simultaneously. Similar fractions, that is, 7 and 5% of the total uptake of plasma FFA by the tissue were immediately oxidized in both cold- and warm-acclimated rats, respectively. Norepinephrine infusion caused a significant increase in all the parameters examined. In addition, during hormone infusion the percentage of FFA uptake oxidized was elevated from 22% in control to 50% in cold-acclimated rats. This increment was accompanied with greater increases in rectal temperature and CO2 output. Similarly, in functionally eviscerated cold-acclimated rats, norepinephrine induced a greater increase in the percentage of FFA uptake oxidized than in eviscerated controls. These results indicate that although the FFA uptake was increased simultaneously norepinephrine infusion casued a more marked acceleration of the oxidation of plasma FFA in the cold-acclimated rats than in control rats.
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PMID:Effects of norepinephrine on uptake and oxidation of plasma free fatty acids in cold-acclimated rats. 60 88


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