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Query: UMLS:C0278134 (anesthesia)
 110,339 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A report of the author's personal experience with analtesia in 604 patients having toxic goiter is given. During the procedure the effect of various anesthetics on the pulse rate at the time of surgery was studied. It was found that the combined neuroleptanalgesia and a combination of local infiltrative novacain anesthesia with nitrogen monoxide-oxygen narcosis renders the most favourable effect in such cases.
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PMID:[General anesthesia in patients with toxic goiter]. 124 30

A nitrogen-dilution technique for measurement of airway closing volumes (CV) and functional residual capacity (FRC) not requiring subject cooperation was tested in five healthy, awake, spontaneously breathing subjects and subsequently used in 20 patients during anesthesia with mechanical ventilation. Incomplete exhalation before inhalation of oxygen did not significantly alter CV. Inspiration of a volume of oxygen equal to 75 per cent of vital capacity (VC) did not affect CV, whereas inspiration to 50 percent VC resulted in a 20 per cent decrease in CV. Expiratory resistance tended to reduce CV. By means of this technique, the validity of which had been thus demonstrated, airway closure could be shown to occur at lung volumes larger than FRC (and thus within a normal tidal volume) in six patients prior to anesthesia, and in a further 11 (total 17 of 20) during anesthesia with mechanical ventilation. FRC decreased by an average of 0.5 liters during anesthesia with mechanical ventilation and was only 0.2 liters above residual volume. Significant hypoxemia was observed in association with airway closure.
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PMID:Airway closure during mechanical ventilation. 125 19

Vasopressin-resistant nonoliguric renal insufficiency developed in a 57-year-old man after 2 1/2 hours of low-dose methoxyflurane anesthesia. Secobarbital, 100 mg daily, had been taken for 1 month before. Of 13 patients in whom the influence of methoxyflurane on renal function was being studied, he was the only one to have taken a drug that induces microsomal enzymes. Blood values of methoxyflurane in this patient were lower than group means on all five occasions during anesthesia. Postoperatively his serum inorganic fluoride value reached 114 mumol/l -- more than two standard deviations greater than the group mean. Peak values for serum urea nitrogen, creatinine and uric acid and postvasopressin urine osmolality, and the lowest creatinine clearance in this patient also differed by more than 2 SD from the group mean, and the peak amount of oxalate excreted in his urine was double the group mean. Pretreatment with the barbiturate appears to have altered methoxyflurane metabolism and led to toxic concentrations of metabolites in the blood.
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PMID:Toxic nephropathy after low-dose methoxyflurane anesthesia: drug interaction with secobarbital? 125 70

Beta-adrenergic blockade may impair the normal cardiovascular response to hypoxia occurring during general anaesthesia. The haemodynamic effects of acute hypoxia, induced by a 90-s period of ventilation with nitrogen, were studied during increasing depths of halothane anaesthesia up to a maximum of 2.5% inspired halothane in dogs chronically implanted with intracardiac catheters, a left-ventricular pressure transducer and an aortic blood flow transducer. An untreated group of dogs and a group which had been treated for 3 weeks with propranolol 20 mg/kg/day were compared. The beta-blocked group had lesser cardiac output values, left-ventricular contractility indices, external left-ventricular work and peak left-ventricular power at all depths of anaesthesia except 2.5% halothane, but both groups responded to hypoxia similarly at each depth of anaesthesia. Cardiac performance was enhanced in both groups during acute hypoxia. No adverse haemodynamic effect of the combination of propranolol, halothane and hypoxia was demonstrated.
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PMID:Haemodynamic interactions of high-dose propranolol pretreatment and anaesthesia in the dog. II: The effects of acute arterial hypoxaemia at increasing depths of halothane anaesthesia. 127 12

In divers, breathing with artificial gas mixtures of 14.3 g/l density, the maximal lung ventilation and the maximal velocity of forced expiration decrease along with an increase in the mixture density. The decrease of these parameters is unrelated to nitrogen anesthesia or exhaustion of respiratory muscles. The findings suggest that the value of both these parameters is only limited by expiratory dynamic compression of respiratory pathways.
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PMID:[Maximal pulmonary ventilation and the forced expiratory rate under hyperbarism]. 133 Jul 53

Seven non-anaesthetized pigs (mean body-weight 64.6 kg) were used to study the intestinal absorption and hepatic metabolism of glucose and amino acids (AA) using carbohydrate solutions (maltose dextrin; 440 g/2 I), containing 110 g of either an enzymic milk-protein hydrolysate (PEP) with a large percentage of small peptides (about 50% with less than five AA residues) and very few free AA (8%) or a mixture of free AA (AAL) with an identical pattern, infused intraduodenally. Each pig was previously fitted under anaesthesia with electromagnetic flow probes around the portal vein and the hepatic artery, and with permanent catheters in the portal vein, carotid artery, one hepatic vein and the duodenum. Each solution was infused for 1 h after a fasting period (18 h) and each pig received both solutions at 8 d intervals. The observation period lasted 8 h. For most AA (his, lys, phe, thr, arg, tyr, pro) the absorption rate after infusion of PEP was significantly higher than after that of AAL during the 1st hour, but the differences quickly disappeared. After 8 h, the only differences concerned his and tyr (PEP > AAL) and met, glu and asp (AAL > PEP). There was a large uptake of blood AA by gut-wall cells, higher after AAL infusion than after PEP infusion, particularly for branched-chain AA (BCAA). The absorption of ammonia-nitrogen after both infusions was equivalent to two-thirds of urea-N passing from blood to intestinal tissues and lumen. Glucose absorbed within 8 h represented only 76% (PEP) or 69% (AAL) of the infused amounts. The cumulative hepatic total AA (TAA) uptake increased from 13 to 27% of the infused amounts between the 1st and the 8th hour after PEP infusion, and from 8 to 31% after AAL infusion. Most essential AA were largely taken up by the liver, with the exception of met (PEP) and thr and of BCAA, which were poorly retained for both solutions; there was a high uptake of ala and gly, and a release of asp, glu, and gln. Urea-N released by the liver within 8 h was equivalent to 23-25% absorbed amino-N and to around 1.5 times ammonia-N taken up by the liver within 8 h. Glucose was highly taken up by the liver during the first hours then released, the total uptake within 8 h representing about half the absorbed amount.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Splanchnic fluxes of amino acids after duodenal infusion of carbohydrate solutions containing free amino acids or oligopeptides in the non-anaesthetized pig. 139 May 98

Three particular applications of tympanometry are stressed. In the first place, tympanometric screening fails to give any appreciation of the tubal dysfunction evolution. During general anaesthesia, nitrogen oxide diffusion in the middle ear can hide effusion. Secondly, the correlation between tympanometric curves and middle ear effusion is far lower than usually assumed.
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PMID:Diagnostic value of tympanometry in otitis media with effusion. 146 75

The development of fatigue was investigated by electrical stimulation in 15 domestic pigs (1 yr old, 70-90 kg body weight) and seven adult dogs (3 yr old, 45 kg body weight). After anaesthesia, silver electrodes were implanted in the anterior and posterior parts of the right masseter muscles. The contralateral muscle was used as control. The bite force was measured. Muscle biopsies were obtained from the anterior, central and posterior parts, and were immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen. A fluorometrical analysis by enzymatic methods for glycogen, glucose, creatine phosphate, NAD, NADH, lactate and pyruvate was made. Blood flow was measured by 133Xe wash-out; oxygen consumption was monitored with an oxygen electrode. The porcine masseter was continuously stimulated for 60 min (100 V, 4 Hz and 2 ms). The canine masseter was intermittently stimulated (100 V, 20 Hz and 2 ms). The contraction was repeated four times, with a 10-min rest between. The porcine masseter could sustain longer endurance times than the canine masseter, which was easily fatigued. A marked substrate depletion was evident. The precontractional contents of glycogen, glucose and creatine phosphate were reduced. Lactate accumulation was evident (2-4 times more in the porcine and 4-8 times more in the canine masseter). The NADH concentration increased and the NAD content decreased. Blood-flow impairment (80% reduction in the dog, 60% in the pig) was observed. After the contraction phase, there was a hyperaemia (58% elevation of blood flow in the pig masseter, 45% in the canine). The oxygen tension followed in magnitude and time the blood-flow changes. These circulatory variables returned to normal after recovery. The high degree of substrate depletion, blood-flow impairment and a simultaneous decrease in oxygen transport to the contracted muscle, in combination with a prominent lactate accumulation, may induce a decrease in bite-force production.
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PMID:Bite-force development, metabolic and circulatory response to electrical stimulation in the canine and porcine masseter muscles. 147 60

Since the appearance of superficial tissue is often an unreliable indicator of deep tissue viability in cases of frostbite, radionuclide scintigraphy with 99Tcm-disodium oxidronate (HDP) was used to assess changes in tissue viability after experimental freezing and thawing of the rabbit ear. One shaved ear, left or right, of each of eight New Zealand white rabbits was frozen with a glass bottle (diameter of bottom 2 cm) filled with liquid nitrogen (-180 degrees C) for 5 min under Ketalar-Rompun anesthesia, the other ear serving as a control. Radionuclide scintigraphy was performed by giving a bolus intravenous injection of 130-170 MBq (3.5-4.5 mCi) 99Tcm-HDP. Radionuclide imaging was used to follow the development of the demarcation line. Scintigraphy was performed 2 h after frostbite and then after 24 h, 48 h, 1 week and 3 weeks. The frostbitten area seemed macroscopically to be warm and swollen immediately after the induction of frostbite. Scintigraphy showed the frostbitten area to be much warmer than the surrounding tissue for the first week and it was not until after that the first cold spots appeared in the middle of the frostbitten area. The necrotic and vital tissue could easily be distinguished after 3 weeks.
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PMID:Assessment of tissue viability in frostbite by 99Tcm-HDP scintigraphy: an experimental study in New Zealand white rabbits. 149 80

To investigate the role of oxygen-derived free radicals in the pathogenesis of tourniquet shock, the authors present an experimental animal model. Two groups of rats were fastened with rubber tubes on both thighs (1.5 kg/cm2) for 6 h under pentobarbital anaesthesia. One group was administered liposomal superoxide dismutase (L-SOD 30,000 U/kg body weight), and the other liposome as a control 3 h prior to tourniquet removal. No rats in the control group (n = 20) survived more than 24 h after reperfusion, whereas 55% of animals treated with L-SOD (n = 20) survived for 24 h or more, and two recovered completely (P less than 0.005). Blood samples were obtained from the abdominal aorta after laparotomy of anaesthetized rats of both groups at different time intervals. Changes in the hematocrit value and blood urea nitrogen during the early periods after reperfusion were attenuated by prior administration of L-SOD, and the total plasma SOD activity of the control animals decreased promptly and continuously throughout the experimental period. This experimental model was very useful to study the pathogenesis of tourniquet shock with respect to reproducibility, induction of the shock stages and mortality. It is thought that oxygen-free radicals are involved in the induction of tourniquet shock, and L-SOD was, to a certain extent, effective against reperfusion injury in the early stages of shock.
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PMID:Suppression of ischemia-reperfusion injury by liposomal superoxide dismutase in rats subjected to tourniquet shock. 150 1


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