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Query: UMLS:C0278134 (anesthesia)
 110,339 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Airway closure (closing capacity, CC), FRC, total efficiency of ventilation (lung clearance index, LCI) and distribution of inspired gas (nitrogen washout declay percentage, NWOD) were determined by nitrogen washout techniques and arterial PO2and PCO2 measured by standard electrodes in 10 extremely obese subjects, prior to an during anaesthesia and artifical ventilation. CC was normal, but because of small FRC, airway closure occurred within a tidal breath in 9 out of 10 subjects during spontaneous breathing, when awake. PO2 was reduced, the hypoxaemia correlating to the magnitude of airway closure. LCI was normal, but NWOD was borderline. During anaesthesia, CC was unaltered by FRC was further reduced, so that in nine subjects sirway closure occurred above FRC and tidal volume together. A marked increase in relative hypoxaemia was recorded. LCI and NWOD rose, indicating less efficient and less even ventilation. It is concluded that airway closure reasonably explains the marked hypoxaemia in obese subjects during anaesthesia, and that it may also be the reason for the uneven distribution of inspired gas.
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PMID:Airway closure and distribution of inspired gas in the extremely obese, breathing spontaneously and during anaesthesia with intermittent positive pressure ventilation. 79 85

A new tube feed made up from separate sachets of 1-amino acids and saccharides, and mixed with milk, has been given to five patients for a total of 49 days. The preparation, administration and tolerance of the feed has been uncomplicated, and the electrolyte, calorie and nitrogen content could be easily varied according to the patient's needs. A simple metabolic study of the patients was made during the administration of the feed.
Anaesthesia 1976 Apr
PMID:A new tube feed: Aminutrin and Calonutrin. 81 15

Arterial blood-gases and lung volumes were measured in 48 patients before and after upper abdominal surgery. There was no significant difference between the results of 25 patients ventilated with oxygen and nitrogen during anaesthesia compared with a comparable group which received oxygen and nitrous oxide.
Anaesthesia 1977 Jan
PMID:Postoperative pulmonary function. A comparison of ventilation with nitrogen or nitrous oxide during anaesthesia. 84 1

The TM3 Gas differentiator, a simple device introduced to differentiate between nitrous oxide and oxygen, was found to be capable of positively distinguishing between these gases when only they were known to be present. The differentiator gave nearly equal responses to nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide. Cyclopropane, halothane, methoxyflurane, trichloroethylene and nitrogen all produced smaller responses on the differentiator's built-in meter. This apparatus has proved in use to be a practicable and simple method of checking the composition of gases emerging from pipelines.
Anaesthesia 1977 Feb
PMID:An assessment of the TM3 gas differentiator. 84 15

1. Adult rats were subjected to a brief period of diethyl ether anaesthesia and were given diets with 200 or 100 g casein/kg with or without arginine plus glycine supplementation in the post-anaesthesia period. Nitrogen retention was measured as well as liver protein content and liver and muscle transaminase activities (L-aspartate aminotransferase (GOT), (EC 2.6.1.1), and L-alanine aminotransferase (GPT)(EC 2.6.1.2). 2. Results demonstrated that anaesthesia-stressed rats consuming the high-protein diet with supplemental arginine and glycine retained twice as much N as did rats given the diet with 200 g casein/kg alone, for the first 5 d post-anaesthesia. 3. Anaesthesia-stressed animals consuming the diets with 100 g casein/kg with or without arginine plus glycine supplementation did not differ from each other in N retention. 4. Liver protein content increased after anaesthesia in rats given the high-protein diets; liver transaminase activity increased, whereas muscle transaminase activity decreased, in animals consuming the high protein diets. 5. Possible mechanisms to account for these results are discussed.
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PMID:Nitrogen retention in rats fed on diets enriched with arginine and glycine. 2. Effect of diethyl ether anaesthesia on N retention. 85 75

Effects of 3 hours of methoxyflurane anesthesia in 20 dogs were determined by blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (SC), serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP). sulfobromphthalein (BSP), phenosulfonphthalein (PSP) clearance test, 24-hour water intake and urine excretion, and serum inorganic fluoride (SIF) evaluation. Values for BUN, SC, serum ALT, BSP, and PSP after the anesthetic were not significantly different (P less than 0.05) from the base-line values. The serum ALP values were significantly increased (P less than 0.001). Water intake and urine excretion showed a peak increase 48 hours after anesthesia. Serum inorganic fluoride concentration increased significantly (P less than 0.001) compared with the base line. The SIF 20 minutes before anesthesia was 4.54 +/- 0.82 mumol/L, at 90 minutes of surgical anesthesia 92.35 +/- 8.91 micronmol/L, at 20 minutes after anesthesia 132 +/- 12.55 micronmol/L, and at 1, 3, and 6 days after anesthesia they were 105.60 +/- 8.93, 42.10 +/- 6.90, and 12.65 +/- 1.32 micronmol/L. Clinical signs of renal or hepatic failure were not detected in any of the treated dogs during 7 day post-anesthetic observation period.
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PMID:Serum fluoride concentration, renal, and hepatic function test results in dogs with methoxyflurane anesthesia. 88 22

Values for pulmonary blood volume and extravascular lung water (estimated as wet weight of lung tissue) were arrived at in intact, anesthetized rats by labelling of blood constituents with isotopes and rapidly freezing the whole animals in liquid nitrogen. On ventilating the animals with 10% O2 in N2/N2O, a reduction in lung blood content could be demonstrated. The degree of reduction depended on the type of anesthesia and ventilation used. In some animals the volume reduction was so marked that both arterial, venous and capillary blood compartments have most probably been involved. The water content of the lung tissue was also rapidly and markedly reduced during hypoxia. Increased plasma osmolarity in mixed venous blood could partly be responsible for this tissue water reduction.
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PMID:Blood volume and extravascular water content in the rat lung during acute alveolar hypoxia. 88 13

The activity of the pulmonary vasoconstrictor response to alveolar hypoxia was assessed by measuring the redistribution of pulmonary blood flow in response to the ventilation of one lung with nitrogen. The vasoconstrictor response was depressed during the administration of 5% diethyl ether but returned when the ether was withdrawn. It is suggested that depression of the hypoxic vasoconstrictor mechanism may be one cause of the increased alveolar-arterial Po2 difference noted during ether anaesthesia.
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PMID:Reduction of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction during diethyl ether anaesthesia in the dog. 88 42

The pulmonary vasoconstrictor response to alveolar hypoxia was assessed by measuring the redistribution of blood flow in response to the unilateral administration of nitrogen or nitrous oxide. The response was diminished when nitrous oxide was administered and returned to previous levels when hypoxia was produced again by nitrogen. It is postulated that depression of the hypoxic vasoconstrictor response by nitrous oxide may contribute to the increased alveolar-arterial Po2 difference during anaesthesia.
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PMID:Reduction of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in the dog during administration of nitrous oxide. 88 43

The end results of therapy of 1,358 breast cancer patients were studied. Anaesthesia was performed by ether-nitrogen-oxygen (554 cases) or halothane-nitrogen-oxygen (804 cases) mixture with addition of oxygen. The method of Holstead was employed in all cases. A comparison of groups of patients on the basis of such parameters as the anaesthetic used, age and degree of tumour progression (according to the TNM classification and results of post-operative histological assays) showed them to be identical. The study showed that the type of anaesthesia influenced the end results of therapy of cancer patients: the survival rates of patients receiving halothane anaesthesia were much higher than those of the ether-anaesthetized patients. The differences were most pronounced among patients who received pre-operative radiation therapy and post-operative chemotherapy as well as in cases of metastasis spread into regional lymph nodes. The mechanism of the effect of the anaesthetic on the survival rates of cancer patients may be explained on the basis of the data available on the varying influences of anaesthetics on the pituitary-adrenal cortec system and carcinemia development during operation as well as the role of immunity in tumour cell implantation and growth of metastases.
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PMID:The influence of the anaesthetic on survival rates of breast cancer patients after surgery. 89 32


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