Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0278134 (anesthesia)
 110,339 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The average yearly number of deliveries in the 157 hospitals amounts to 294.457. The answers are accompanied by the numbers of hospitals which responded positively to a given question (in per cents). One symptom is enough to diagnose gestosis (90), only edema (82), on edema taken into consideration (3.8). Threshold values: RR 140/90 (68), V Korotkov phase (76), IV phase (21), albuminuria 0.1% (17), 0.2% (15), 0.3% (24), 0.5% (29). Gestosis index (77). Premature termination of pregnancy in serious gestosis often (33), almost always (32), always (21). In eclampsia secondary Cesarean section (46), primary (7), primary when fetus threatened (43). Liquids limited (42), liquids not limited (44), salt limited (73), intensively (12), salt not limited (12). Antihypertensives: hydrazinophtalazine (75), reserpine (53), alphamethyldopa (16), betablockers (13), ganglioplegics (7), diazoxide (1). Others: heparin (7), bufenin (4), other betamimetics (10). In eclampsia MgSO4 (91), benzodiazepins (65), phenothiazines (41), barbiturates (41), chloromethiasol (8), suprameningeal anesthesia (5), dextran (46), albumins (39), saluretics (49). Glycocorticoids when premature delivery in gestosis (56).
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PMID:[Diagnosis and treatment of EPH gestosis at 157 Polish hospitals]. 280 58

Angiotensin II (AII), arginine vasopressin (AVP) and prolactin (PRL) were measured by radioimmunoassay in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in concurrent daily samples from conscious unrestrained steers. Packed cell volume, [Na+] and osmolality were also measured from these samples. Salt appetite was assessed during a 5-min daily session of operant conditioning. Food and water was always available. Unilateral parotid duct fistulation was effected under xylazine analgesia and halothane/O2 anaesthesia. To prevent a sodium deficit developing from loss of [Na+] in the extruded saliva, 0.3 M NaHCO3 was available ad libitum so that each animal could ingest sufficiently to balance the salivary loss. A week later epidural cannulae were implanted in the cisternae magna using the same anaesthesia. Three days afterwards when the saliva [Na] was 78 mmol/1, the 0.3-M NaHCO3 supplement was withdrawn for 7 days so that sodium deficiency developed to a degree which evoked salt appetite. When the NaHCO3 supplement was restored ad libitum, all aspects of [Na+] deficiency and salt appetite were completely ameliorated within 2-3 days. Packed cell volume increased and body weight decreased (p less than 0.05) during depletion, but rapidly returned to normal on day 2 of repletion. Both plasma and CSF osmolality were reduced during depletion as were plasma [Na+] (p less than 0.01) and CSF [Na+] (p less than 0.001). From a basal value of 64.7 +/- 9.35 fmol/ml on day 0, plasma AII increased to 229.2 +/- 46.65 fmol/ml (p less than 0.001) on day 3, prior to the onset of salt appetite on days 4-7. In marked contrast to plasma AII during sodium depletion, CSF AII was unchanged during salt appetite. There was no correlation between plasma and CSF AII during behavioural salt appetite.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Relation of endogenous systemic and brain angiotensin II, arginine vasopressin and prolactin with the genesis of salt appetite in cattle. 284 67

Magnesium chloride is an effective anaesthetic and narcotizing agent for cephalopod molluscs. Individuals belonging to five genera (decapod and octopod) were anaesthetized and subsequently revived at temperatures ranging from 13 to 22 degrees C. At no stage of anaesthesia does MgCl2 appear to cause any trauma. There is evidence that MgCl2 acts centrally on the nervous system to induce anaesthesia. This salt, cheap, readily available and convenient to use, is recommended over urethane or ethanol as a suitable anaesthetic or narcotic for use with cephalopods.
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PMID:Magnesium chloride as an anaesthetic for cephalopods. 286 63

We report a novel method to assess bile secretory pressure using a Statham pressure transducer. The studies were performed in vivo in male Sprague-Dawley rats under pentobarbital anesthesia. Maximal secretory pressure averaged 21.8 +/- 1.1 (S.D.) cmH2O. The bile accumulated after 10 min of obstruction was 7.7 +/- 2.8 microliters.g-1; assuming a basal biliary dead space of 2.3 microliters.g-1, the distended capacity of the biliary tree averaged 10 microliters.g-1. The small volume of the strain gauge permitted calculation of compliance of the biliary tree which averaged 0.35 +/- 0.12 microliters.cmH2O-1.g-1. Stimulation of bile flow by bile salts reduced the time required to reach maximal bile secretory pressure. Taurocholate but not taurodehydrocholate decreased maximal secretory pressure within minutes, the pressure-time curves showing a new equilibrium between bile formation and regurgitation forces. Both bile flow and bile salt recoveries were decreased by taurocholate but not by taurodehydrocholate. Taurocholate decreased biliary compliance while taurodehydrocholate had no effect. This provides further evidence that taurocholate increases the biliary permeability and suggests that this bile salt also affects the elastic properties of the biliary tree.
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PMID:Bile salts and hydrodynamics of bile formation. 292

U-50488 is a specific kappa opioid agonist which produces in rats water diuresis resulting in an elevation of plasma osmolarity. Pretreatment with U-50488H (the methanesulfonate salt) in Fisher rats prior to 4 h of bilateral carotid occlusion prevented the development of edema in the forebrain, and the effect was greater than that from pentobarbital anesthesia. An additional injection of an antidiuretic hormone which prevented the plasma hyperosmolarity also significantly reduced the anticerebral edemic effects of U-50488H. The plasma osmotic effect, however, may not completely account for the ischemic protection produced by U-50488H.
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PMID:Protection from ischemia-induced cerebral edema in the rat by U-50488H, a kappa opioid receptor agonist. 303 May 2

Renin heterogeneity has been described in rat kidney and plasma. In this study, we used the isoelectric focusing method to 1) characterize the adrenal renin forms in control rats, in rats on low- and high-Na diets, and in nephrectomized rats; and 2) examine their resemblance with plasma renin. Active renin (AR) and inactive trypsin-activatable renin (IR) were measured in adrenal homogenates and plasma. Aliquots were subjected to isoelectric focusing gels. Activation with trypsin (5 mg/ml) was performed before or after isoelectric focusing. Results showed that adrenal glands contained AR and IR. The content of adrenal AR increased significantly only in rats fed a low-Na diet. Following anesthesia, nephrectomy, or high-Na intake, the content of adrenal AR and IR was not significantly changed. In plasma, an inverse relationship between AR and IR was found. Adrenal glands contained six forms of AR focusing at the same pH as those of plasma AR but in different proportions. After activation of IR in adrenal glands, two additional renin forms focusing at pH 6.4 and 6.1 were found, whereas after activation of plasma IR, two peaks focusing at pH 5.9 and 4.8 were significantly enhanced. Adrenal AR forms were modified by alterations of salt and water balance differently than plasma AR. These results support the hypotheses of an endogenous production of renin forms by the adrenal gland.
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PMID:Multiple renin forms in the adrenal gland. 305 4

In our earlier experiments administration of the stable PGI2 analogue: 7-oxo-PGI2-ephedrine salt to dogs resulted in a late-appearing and long-lasting protection from coronary ligation induced ischaemia as well as from postocclusion and reperfusion arrhythmias. Objective of the present study was to evaluate the extent and duration of antiischaemic and antiarrhythmic action induced by a single dose 50 ug/kg i.m. 7-oxo-PGI2 in dogs subjected to myocardial ischaemia evoked by left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) ligation at different intervals (2, 6, 24, 48, 72 hours and 2 weeks) after treatment. After anaesthesia and thoracotomy the electrophysiological parameters - sinus cycle length (SCL), corrected sinus node recovery time (CSNRT), atrial and ventricular functional refractory period (AFRP, VFRP), and atrio-ventricular effective refractory period (A-V ERP) - were determined by means of computer controlled programmed electrical stimulation. Then the animals were subjected to LAD occlusion for 25 minutes and subsequent reperfusion. 7-oxo-PGI2 pretreatment considerably protected against myocardial ischaemia i.e. there was significant reduction in ST-segment elevation, the number of extrasystoles (ES) and the incidence of ventricular fibrillation (VF). The antiischaemic action started 2 or 6 hours after the drug administration, however, the maximal protection - indicated by the diminution of ischaemic epicardial ST-segment elevation - as well as the most striking reduction in postocclusion and reperfusion arrhythmias could be observed 48 hours after the single dose of 7-oxo-PGI2 and in case of two weeks treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:7-oxo-PGI2 induced late appearing and long lasting antiischaemic and antiarrhythmic action in dogs. 307 67

Disodium edetate (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, disodium salt; disodic EDTA), 3 g, was given, via an intravenous normal saline drip of 30 min, to 25 patients in order to assess a benefit for anaesthesia practice. A significant reduction of both volume and acidity of the gastric secretion was found in all the 10 patients with peptic ulcer having received the drug. The peak of the change was 1 h after administration. In other 10 non-ulcer patients undergoing orthopaedic surgeries under epidural anaesthesia with lidocaine 2%, 5 mg kg-1, pH of the gastric juice unanimously rose, from 2.24 +/- 0.28 to 4.10 +/- 0.21 1 h after EDTA with a P derived from paired difference analysis of less than 0.001. A similar group of patients receiving only normal saline showed no important changes in pH (from 2.37 +/- 0.24 to 2.34 +/- 0.19). The pH of the fundic surface, measured directly under fiberscopic control in further 5 patients suffering from peptic ulcer, was found also to rise from 1.84 +/- 0.21 to 4.62 +/- 0.34 1 h after EDTA, P less than 0.001. Total and ionized calcium changed unsignificantly. Disodic EDTA in the dose and manner used in this study showed no clinical side-effects. The constant and obvious effect of inhibition of the gastric secretion as well as the dynamics of such an action recommend disodic EDTA to be tried in reducing the aspiration pneumonia morbidity.
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PMID:Inhibitory effect of disodium edetate on gastric secretion. 308 72

Carbonated bupivacaine and bupivacaine hydrochloride were used for epidural anaesthesia in patients undergoing surgery of the lower extremities. Thirty patients received 20 ml 0.5% bupivacaine hydrochloride and 32 patients 20 ml 0.42% carbonated bupivacaine. Carbonated bupivacaine had a more rapid onset of action and spread of both sensory and motor blockade than its hydrochloride salt. The differences were statistically significant.
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PMID:[Peridural anesthesia with bupivacaine-CO2 and bupivacaine-HCl. A comparative study]. 310 74

Treatment of small vascular abnormalities of the skin is painful, and injections of local anesthetic agents distort the operating field. Iontophoresis of salt-free, 4% lidocaine, with and without epinephrine, delivered to the skin from a receptacle with a semipermeable membrane, and with the use of a current-controlled electrical system, resulted in effective anesthesia of the skin for cauterization of "spider" veins. Fourteen subjects received 32 treatments. Sixteen paired areas of spider veins were anesthetized with iontophoresis of lidocaine and with lidocaine plus epinephrine 1/50,000. The duration of anesthesia with lidocaine averaged 14 minutes; relief of pain was complete in 9/16 treatments, adequate in 6/16, and inadequate in 1/16. Lidocaine plus epinephrine supplied anesthesia for 56 minutes; relief of pain was total in 14/16 treatments and adequate in the remaining two. Thus iontophoresis with the use of selected local anesthetic and iontophoretic equipment provides adequate conditions for cauterization of spider veins, a procedure poorly served by conventional local anesthesia.
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PMID:Painless cauterization of spider veins with the use of iontophoretic local anesthesia. 319 73


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