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Query: UMLS:C0278134 (anesthesia)
 110,339 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Examinations of the eyegrounds were made on thirty subjects after conduction anesthesia with xylocitin of the inferior alveolar nerve as well as on nine subjects after sodium chloride injections in order to determine the effect of mandibular conduction anesthesia on retinal vessels. Retinal vascular widths were measured and arteriovenous indices determined. The subjects were divided into groups according to preexisting general diseases, age, sex, and smoking habits. Retinal vascular changes were determined in dependence on age and smoking habits after injections made into the mandibular foramen, and the manner of origin and the results are discussed with particular reference to data reported in the literature.
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PMID:[Changes in the retinal vessels in mandibular nerve anesthesia. A potential for complications]. 14 64

Sodium chloride injected intracutaneously has proved to be an effective local anesthetic for superficial skin surgery. Among the advantages of sodium chloride over the "caines" are: absence of burning or stinging on injection, lack of sensitization, and lower cost. Lesions can be removed by the parallel scalpel technique, razor technique, or curettage. Saline also provides adequate anesthesia for punch biopsies and electrocautery techniques. Lesions removed to date have been numerous--nevi, papillomas, and verrucas. Biopsies of benign and malignant lesions have also been performed with this technique.
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PMID:Injectable sodium chloride as a local anesthetic for skin surgery. 42 4

SPF-male rats were treated intraperitoneally with phenobarbital (30 mg/kg/day) or 0.9% sodium chloride for 4 days. Endogenous creatinine clearance in conscious rats and inulin clearance in nondiuretic rats under inactin anesthesia were measured 24 hr following the last injection. In an additional group of treated rats diuresis was induced by sodium chloride and mannitol and then inulin- and PAH clearance were measured simultaneously. Following 4 days treatment with phenobarbital, endogenous creatinine clearance and inulin clearance were not significantly different in control and phenobarbital-treated animals. In contrast significant changes were found in urine volume and PAH clearance in the phenobarbital-treated animals. These results do not reflect any change in glomerular filtration rate, but might be attributed to an increase in renal plasma flow or an activated tubular transport system following phenobarbital administration.
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PMID:Glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow following treatment with phenobarbital. 99 90

Over a 3-year-period 72 patients with upper digestive tract haemorrhage due to peptic ulcer were transfused exclusively with isotonic sodium chloride and glucose solutions in equal quantities. The results are compared with 69 patients treated previously in whom conventional blood transfusion regimes had been used. Transfusion therapy was combined with emergency surgery involving vagotomy and draininage, with surgical haemostasis in situ. There were no significant differences between the two groups with regard to anaesthesia, surgery and post-operative managemement. Apart from anemia, there were less early and late complications in the group not receiving blood. The amount of crystalloid solutions administered varied between 7000 ml and 19,000 ml causing a diuresis of 1000 ml to 5300 ml within the first 24 hours. The use of this transfusion regime for haemodynamic re-equilibration in upper gastro-intestinal haemorrhage due to ulcer, in cases in which haemostasis can be obtained with certainty by emergency surgery, allows transfusion of stored blood and colloid solutions to be avoided and emergency surgery to be safely undertaken at the earliest moment. The severe acute anaemia which is caused appears to create no special problems.
Anaesthesia 1975 Sep
PMID:Gastro-intestinal haemorrhage from peptic ulcer. An evaluation of bloodless transfusion and early surgery. 108 50

Previous studies have shown that increased sodium chloride in drinking water failed to suppress serum renin activity (SRA) in the etheranesthetized rat. In the absence of anesthesia, sodium chloride decreased SRA by 76% and serum aldosterone by 72%. Deoxycorticosterone acetate, when given alone, produced similar results but was more effective in reducing SRA (96%) when combined with sodium chloride. However, if "light" ether anesthesia was administered prior to blood collection, there was a 10-fold increase in SRA and the effects of sodium chloride were blocked. Thus, in the absence of anesthesia, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system of the rat responds, as in other species, to a sodium load.
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PMID:Sodium chloride suppression of renin release in the unanesthetized rat. 120 70

The function of the suggested hypothalamic osmoreceptors was investigated in dogs during light chloralose anesthesia. The dogs were subjected to an i.v. load of 40 ml/kg b.w.t. of a hypo-osmolar solution of sodium chloride and glucose. This degree of hydration was kept constantly by a specially constructed servo system based on the weight of the animal. During water diuresis the renal free water clearance remained essentially constant for several hours (mean about 0.2 ml/kg b.w.t. min). Renal sodium excretion was low (mean 0.82 mumol/kg b.w.t. min) and decreased continuously throughout the experimental period. I.v. infusion of hyperosmolar sodium chloride solution (1.33 mmol/kg b.w.t. in 30 min) was followed by prolonged parallel increases in free water clearance and sodium excretion, without any detectable change in the excretion of osmoles and potassium. The renal response to bilateral infusion of hyper-osmolar NaCl (1.33 mmol/kg b.w.t. in 30 min) into the common carotid arteries was identical to the response to i.v. infusion. The estimated increase in the osmolality of the carotid blood was 2.2%. In seven out of eight experiments intracarotid infusion of NaCl (1.33 mmol/kg b.w.t. in 8 min) did not elicit any reduction in free water clearance. On the contrary, an increase was found similar to that obtained after i.v. infusion. The estimated increase in the osmolality of the carotid blood was 8.4%. The present results question the validity of the currently held view that hypothalamic osmoreceptors play an important role in the control of the osmolality of plasma.
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PMID:Studies of cerebral osmoreceptors in anesthetized dogs: the effect of intravenous and intracarotid infusion of hyper-osmolar sodium chloride solutions during sustained water diuresis. 127 13

1. The effect of breathing an anaesthetic aerosol of 5% bupivacaine hydrochloride has been assessed in dog and man. 2. In the dog, the cough reflex was abolished and the Hering-Breuer inflation reflex severely impaired or abolished; breathing became slower and deeper; no pathological changes were found in the lungs of these dogs. 3. In man, no untoward effects resulted from a 10 min period of aerosol inhalation; there were no systematic effects on airway resistance or lung volumes and the cough reflex in response to either tactile or chemical (citric acid aerosol) stimulation was invariably abolished. The Hering-Breuer inflation reflex was impaired, but this was not associated with any change in resting ventilation. The Ve/CO2 response was enhanced after aerosol anaesthesia; subjects felt an exaggerated dyspnoea. The aerosol anaesthesia abolished the afferent pathway of a reflexly elicited bronchoconstriction in one subject. There was no effect on the ability to hold the breath, or on the quality of the associated sensation. 4. Control aerosols of sodium chloride solution or phosphate buffer produced no effects. Control experiments with intravenous infusions of bupivacaine proved that none of the effects could have been produced by systemic effects of the absorbed anaesthetic. 5. Plasma concentrations of bupivacaine in man did not exceed a recognized toxic level. The experiments demonstrate a safe reversible anaesthesia of the airways in man lasting for a period of 10-20 min.
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PMID:The effect of anaesthesia of the airway in dog and man: a study of respiratory reflexes, sensations and lung mechanics. 127 53

Thirty healthy parturients, having given informed consent, were randomly allocated in a double-blind study to receive an intramuscular injection of either 0.9% sodium chloride (control), ephedrine 25 mg, or ephedrine 50 mg, 30 minutes prior to general anaesthesia for caesarean section. Nine patients (90%) in the 50 mg group and five patients (50%) in the 25 mg group demonstrated reactive hypertension of 20% or greater from control. The mean maximum increase in the 50 mg group was 28.2% (range 4.4-38.3%). Maternal pH was significantly lower (P = 0.03) in the ephedrine 50 mg group. Neonatal acid base status was significantly impaired in the ephedrine 50 mg group with umbilical venous pH (P = 0.0001) and umbilical arterial pH (P = 0.001) being significantly lower than the control group. The associated increase in umbilical arterial base deficit suggests a metabolic component due to fetal asphyxia related to decreased uterine blood flow. We conclude that the prophylactic administration of intramuscular ephedrine prior to spinal anaesthesia is associated with an unacceptably high incidence of maternal hypertension, and should the spinal fail and general anaesthesia be required, also results in adverse neonatal biochemical changes. The technique is therefore not to be recommended.
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PMID:Prophylactic intramuscular ephedrine prior to caesarean section. 834 83

The effects of the diluent, the storage container, light, and infusion through various types of tubing on the stability and sorption of FK 506 were studied. Solutions of FK 506 in 0.9% sodium chloride injection or 5% dextrose injection were stored at room temperature (24 +/- 2 degrees C) in glass i.v. bottles, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) minibags, and polyolefin containers. FK 506 solution in 0.9% sodium chloride injection was stored in plastic syringes at room temperature and either exposed to normal room light or stored in the dark. FK 506 solution in 5% dextrose injection was placed in plastic syringes and infused through PVC anesthesia extension tubing, PVC i.v. administration set tubing, and fat emulsion tubing over a two-hour period. The infused samples and samples collected from the containers and syringes at intervals up to 48 hours were analyzed for FK 506 concentration by high-performance liquid chromatography. FK 506 concentrations remained greater than 90% of initial concentration for admixtures in 5% dextrose injection stored in glass bottles for 48 hours and for admixtures in 5% dextrose injection or 0.9% sodium chloride injection stored in polyolefin containers for 48 hours. No change in concentration was measured for admixtures in 0.9% sodium chloride injection stored in plastic syringes, and exposure to light did not affect the stability of FK 506 solution. No substantial change in concentration occurred in FK 506 solution in 5% dextrose injection infused through PVC anesthesia extension tubing, PVC i.v. administration set tubing, or fat emulsion tubing. FK 506 admixtures prepared with 5% dextrose injection or 0.9% sodium chloride injection should be stored in polyolefin containers. If polyolefin containers are not available, solutions should be prepared with 5% dextrose injection and stored in glass bottles.
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PMID:Stability and sorption of FK 506 in 5% dextrose injection and 0.9% sodium chloride injection in glass, polyvinyl chloride, and polyolefin containers. 137 36

The effects of verapamil on airway resistance and total thoracic compliance were studied in 15 rabbits with histamine-induced changes in lung mechanics. The animals, after being tracheotomized under anaesthesia, were subjected to mechanical ventilation in a time-cycled, volume-limited mode. Airway pressure and gas flow signals measured by a pneumotachograph and integrated for volume, were registered on a recorder. Each animal was given histamine hydrochloride in an isotonic solution of sodium chloride at a rate of 0.05 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 through a peripheral venous line. Verapamil was infused intravenously in an isotonic solution of sodium chloride at a rate of 20 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 after the initiation of histamine. Verapamil reduced the histamine-induced increase in airway resistance by 20% at 20 min after the start of administration.
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PMID:Effects of verapamil on histamine-induced changes in lung mechanics. 144 68


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