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Query: UMLS:C0278134 (anesthesia)
 110,339 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects were investigated of a 25-minute inhalation of halothane with oxygen on three to four months old pigs of the Large White breed. Symptoms of malignant hyperthermia did not occur. The actual total anesthesia, which causes slight hypoproteinemia, hypoglycemia and hypocholesterolemia without significant changes in the content of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and urea, induced only a slight increase of circulating 11-hydroxycorticosteroids (11-OHCS). The combination of anesthesia with castration of gilts or barrows significantly increased the concentration of 11-OHCS but did not reach the level recorded after the application of ACTH. The higher levels of 11-OHCS were accompanied by higher concentrations of NEFA and glucose. The treatment of the animals lasting half an hour prior to inhalation of halothane at maximum doses or one hour in the control unanesthetized pigs produced an effect, mainly on the 11-OHCS concentration and on the activity of creatine kinase in the plasma. The results indicate that the adrenocortical response to the effect of halothane is not stronger than the response to simple handling connected with excitement and muscular activity of the animals. Therefore there is no reason of considering halothane anesthesia as a factor causing great stress and pigs which in its course do not respond with malignant hyperthermia as animals insensitive to stress. The aptness of denotation of clinical manifestations of genetically defective muscles in pigs is discussed.
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PMID:[The effect of halothane anesthesia on the function of the adrenal cortex and some metabolites in the blood plasma of pigs not susceptible to malignant hyperthermia]. 22 19

Enzymatic properties of erythrocyte membranes in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and malignant hyperthermia (MH), two genetically determined abnormalities of skeletal muscle, were examined. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and ATPase activities were chosen for investigation since alterations in these enzymes have been demonstrated in animal models of dystrophy. A significant decrease in Na+,K+-ATPase activity was noted in DMD patients and a number of possible DMD carriers, suggesting that this enzyme may provide a useful marker of the carrier state in carriers not exhibiting an elevation in plasma creatine phosphokinase activity. No abnormalities in AChE were demonstrable in any of our DMD patients, indicating that human dystrophy is biochemically distinct from certain animal models of dystrophy (e.g., dystrophic mice) where erythrocyte AChE is decreased. In contrast, evidence was found in two known MH carriers, who had normal erythrocyte ATPase activities, for the presence of an altered membrane AChE characterized by an increase in substrate affinity and a large decrease in maximal hydrolytic rate. While the exact relevance of this membrane defect, if any, to the pathogenesis of MH remains to be seen, the presence of this modified enzyme may serve to identify those individuals in a family where a positive history of MH exists who are at risk of developing a hyperthermic crisis during anesthesia.
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PMID:Erythrocyte membrane enzyme abnormalities in two hereditary disorders of muscle. 23 Oct 77

Fourteen patients with a variety of neoplasms not responsive to standard forms of therapy underwent whole body hyperthermia for a maximum 4 h at 41.8 degrees C. This was a phase-I cancer trial designed to develop whole body hyperthermia as an adjuvant to systemic chemotherapy. Intravenous analgesia was used to sedate patients, obviating the need for general endotracheal anesthesia. Hyperthermia was induced by means of a high-flow water perfusion suit. Cardiovascular performance was evaluated using a flow-directed pulmonary artery catheter. Patients developed a twofold mean increase in cardiac index without evidence of cardiac damage by ECG or creatine phosphokinase (CPK) isoenzymes. An acute fall in serum magnesium and phosphate and an acute rise in arterial pH, serum CPK values, and granulocyte count occurred in all patients. There were no clotting abnormalities. Toxicity included fatigue, diarrhea, nausea, and transient elevations in liver enzymes. Four patients were febrile for 36 h after initial defervescence. Peripheral neuropathy developed in four. These results show that with carefully monitored conditions whole body hyperthermia is feasible.
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PMID:Whole body hyperthermia: a phase-I trial of a potential adjuvant to chemotherapy. 42 99

Experimental closed loop small intestinal volvulus was studied in the anesthetized horse. Volvulus was simulated by ligation of the mesenterial veins to a segment of small intestine. Physical signs and hemodynamic, hematologic, clinical chemical, bacteriologic and peritoneal fluid values were examined. Compared to conscious horses anesthesia highly delayed and modified the clinical signs of shock (changes in mucosal colour, dehydration, decreased skin temperature, elevated pulse rate, low blood pressures) and of small intestinal volvulus (altered peristalsis, gastric dilation). Plasma glucose response to shock was also modified by unconsciousness. However, a dose response relationship was indicated between the extent of small intestinal damage and clinical symptoms. The same was applicable to changes in blood pressures, blood acid-base balance, lactate, potassium, chloride, glucose, inorganic phosphorus, creatinine, creatine kinase, red blood cell and total white blood cell counts and serum total protein. The relationship was also indicated in the following peritoneal fluid values: volume, lactate, pH, total white cell counts, alkaline phosphatase and bacteriology. Changes related to shock (insufficient tissue perfusion) were low blood pressures and metabolic acidosis due to anaerobic glycolysis with accumulation of lactic acid. Also low plasma glucose and elevated plasma potassium, creatinine, inorganic phosphorus and creatine kinase were regarded as consequences of shock.
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PMID:Simulated small intestinal volvulus in the anesthetized horse. 52 13

Lactic acid, glucose, creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and some mineral components were determined in the blood of piglets before and after a halothane test of five minutes (only before for CPK). Two different experimental groups were studied: 222 Pietrain piglets from an INRA experimental herd, and 325 piglets from the Large White, French Landrace and Belgian Landrace breeds entering performance testing stations. Animals reacting positively to halothane ("MHS" piglets) have significantly higher blood levels of lactic acid and potassium before anesthesia than normal animals. CPK is also higher, except for the Belgian Landrace: in this breed CPK shows the same average value and distribution in the two groups of piglets (normal and MHS). There are also breed differences in blood magnesium, independently of the reaction to halothane. But the breed differences observed in lactic acid and CPK are related to the proportion of MHS piglets in each breed. Anesthesia by means of halothane lowers the measured blood characteristics--except for glucose--in normal animals, and rises them--except for potassium--in MHS piglets. The results are discussed in view of the incomplete discrimination between the two types of pigs, with a 5 minutes test, and, particularly, considering possible breed differences in that respect.
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PMID:[Blood characteristics of some french pig populations. Relationships with the malignant hyperthermia syndrome (author's transl)]. 54 25

A 19-year-old girl suffering from active dermatomyositis was given suxamethonium 60 mg during anaesthesia for termination of pregnancy. A prolonged suxamethonium action occurred which was explained by the finding of homozygous atypical plasmacholinesterase in her blood. Although no fasciculations were seen immediately after injection of the drug, a period of fasciculations progressing from the extremities to the head and trunk occurred during recovery of muscle tone. No hyperpyrexia or elevation of serum creatine phosphokinase occurred. This was ascribed to the steroid therapy she received. Plasma from four other patients suffering from dermatomyositis was also investigated and one young woman, also pregnant, was found to be heterozygous for the atypical enzyme.
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PMID:Dermatomyositis, suxamethonium action and atypical plasmacholinesterase. 62 8

We describe a development of a malignant hyperthermia (MH) syndrome, partially aborted by therapy, in a child with central core disease and congenital dislocating hips. Patients with central core disease appear to be more susceptible to MH; possibly those with elevated serum creatine phosphokinase levels, as in our patient, are especially susceptible. We review the clinical and pathologic aspects, possible pathogenesis, and treatment of the MH syndrome. An increased calcium level within the muscle fiber is suggested as the major cytodestructive factor, and that increase could be consequent to a plasmalemmal susceptibility to the provoking drugs hypothesized to be the basic defect in MH. Prevention of the full manifestations of MH is predicated on (1) a high index of suspicion in the search for history of anesthetic complications in the patient and his family, with or without evident neuromuscular disease, (2) recognition that there is a somewhat greater risk of MH developing in a patient who has certain "musculoskeletal" abnormalities or muscle weakness but that is not-except for central core disease-a classic clinicopathologically defined disease, (3) close monitoring of patients during anesthesia, and (4) if the syndrome develops, prompt therapeutic measures, including cessation of anesthesia.
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PMID:Malignant hyperthermia and central core disease in a child with congenital dislocating hips. 63 52

Fetuses of nine gilts were decapitated (D) in utero and fetuses of eight gilts were sham operated (C) at 43 to 47 days of pregnancy. At 110 days, one fetus from each gilt was studied. Heart, liver, kidney, thyroid and body weights were recorded. Thyroids were evaluated for the degree of colloid accumulation and height of the follicular epithelium. Blood glucose, lactate, triglycerides and creatine phosphokinase activity were determined. Longissimus muscle glycogen was evaluated histochemically. Longissimus muscle total phosphorylase, phosphorylase a, G-6-PDH and SDH activity and glycogen were determined biochemically. The D fetuses were hairless, edematous, devoid of adrenal glands and unaffected by maternal anesthesia. Results indicate that the fetal pig pituitary gland is not required for continued fetal growth, but is necessary for normal organ and endocrine gland development. Fetal decapitation caused delayed maturation of the longissimus muscle with little change in anaerobic glycolytic capacity but decreased aerobic glycolytic capacity accompanied by increased activity of the pentose shunt.
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PMID:Longissimus muscle and plasma enzymes and metabolites in fetally decapitated pigs. 75 Mar 9

The effects of perhexiline on survival time and infarct size were studied in three animal models. Dogs pretreated orally with perhexiline, 200 mg/day/14 days, and monitored under anesthesia for 30 hours after ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) had infarct weights of 9.1+/-1.9 g as compared to 15.2+/-1.0 g in paired untreated controls (P less than .02). Twelve of 15 perhexiline-pretreated dogs survived the duration of these studies while only 5 of 15 control animals survived for the same period of time (P less than .05). Serum creatine phosphokinase activity was significantly lower in the treated dogs at 9, 12 and 15 hours after ligation (P less than .05). Conscious dogs, pretreated orally with perhexiline 200 mg/day/7 days or 400 mg/day/7 days and monitored without anesthesia or analgesia for 72 hours after coronary ligation had smaller infarcts (P200=26+/-5; P400=26+/-4; C=39+/-5 g; P less than .05) lower plasma peak creatine phosphokinase activity (P less than .05) and reduced heart rate (P400=198+/-8; C=226+/-8 beats/min; P less than .05) and reduced incidence of ventricular ectopic beats (P less than .05). In pentobarbital anesthetized open-chest dogs, perhexiline (3 mg/kg i.v.) reduced the sum of S-T segment elevation after left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion from 32+/-3 to 14+/-1 mV (P less than .001); this effect was associated with and/or preceded by a reduction in arterial pressure (101+/-4 to 78+/-5 mm Hg; P less than .001) and heart rate (151+/-8 to 138+/-7 beats/min P less than .025; Circumflex flow increased from 38+/-4 to 83+/-8 ml/min (P less than .01). In noninfarcted open-chest dogs, perhexiline administration (3 mg/kg i.v.) resulted in increases in coronary blood flow, narrowing of arterial-coronary sinus O2 difference and a 14% reduction in myocardial O2 consumption. The protective effects of perhexiline on the ischemic myocardium appear to result from reductions in heart rate and associated decrease in myocardial O2 demand as well as an antiarrhythmic effect.
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PMID:Effects of perhexiline on survival time and infarct size in experimental myocardial infarction. 83 55

1. The dose of pentobarbitone required for anaesthesia was significantly greater for dystrophic hamsters than for normal animals. 2. Serum creatine kinase activity was significantly higher in dystrophic than in normal hamsters. 3. Brain, heart and tibialis anterior muscle from dystrophic animals contained significantly less creatine kinase than the normal tissues. 4. Creatine kinase in normal and dystrophic sera, as in skeletal muscles, consisted of MM isoenzyme. Heart creatine kinase consisted of both MM and MB types and brain contained only the BB isoenzyme. 5. Pentobarbitone raised serum creatine kinase activity of normal and dystrophic hamsters to the same extent, elevation of enzyme activity being dependent on the amount of pentobarbitone injected. 6. The sera of pentobarbitone-treated normal and dystrophic hamsters contained only the MM isoenzyme.
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PMID:Effect of pentobarbitone sodium on serum creatine kinase of normal and dystrophic hamsters. 84 46


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