Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0278134 (anesthesia)
 110,339 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of morphine and fentanyl on tracheal smooth muscle tone were studied in 38 patients during induction of anesthesia. Endotracheal tube cuff pressure was used to measure tracheal tone. Anesthesia was maintained with nitrous oxide, 70 per cent in oxygen, and pancuronium and ventilation was controlled with a respirator. Morphine, 0.5 mg/kg, produced a biphasic response, initially causing tracheal dilatation and then tracheal constriction. Ten minutes after morphine injection, cuff pressure increased to significantly (21 +/- 8 per cent) above control. Morphine-induced tracheal constriction could be completely blocked by the prior administration of atropine, 0.5 mg. Fentanyl, 0.006 mg/kg, also produced significant tracheal constriction, cuff pressures increasing to 44 +/- 11 per cent above control at 10 min. Fentanyl-induced tracheal constriction could be blocked by pretreatment with droperidol, 0.25 mg/kg. At equianalgesic doses, morphine and fentanyl produced similar tracheal constriction.
 ...
PMID:Tracheal constriction by morphine and by fentanyl in man. 68 15

Induction of anaesthesia with ketamine 1.5 mg/kg i.v. in a patient with coronary artery disease caused an increase in mean pulmonary artery pressure from 27 to 65 mmHg, a threefold rise in pulmonary vascular resistance and an increase of the left ventricular filling pressure from 18 to 48 mmHg which was associated with arterial hypoxaemia due to pulmonary edema. Fentanyl (0.01 mg/kg i.v.) promptly reversed the systemic and pulmonary vascular effects of ketamine.
 ...
PMID:[Pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary edema caused by intravenous ketamine (author's transl)]. 71 52

The combination of fentanyl citrate (Sublimaze) and diazepam (Valium) was evaluated for efficacy of analgesia, sedation, and safety in 1,008 predominately outpatient urologic procedures. These procedures included prostate biopsies, basket extractions of ureteral calculi, internal urethrotomies, and cystourethroscopies. Ninety-two per cent were judged to be successful with regard to adequate tranquilization and relief of pain. No detrimental effects were seen with the recommmended method and dosage. This drug combination provides the clinician with an effective and safe alternative to local, general, or spinal anesthesia for many routine urologic procedures and allows them to becom true office procedures.
 ...
PMID:Ataralgesia in outpatient urology. Clinical evaluation. 84 78

The effects of fentanyl (0.5 mg/kg iv), fentanyl with diazepam (1 mg/kg iv) and fentanyl, diazepam and pancuronium (0.1 mg/kg iv) on heart rate (HR), mean arterial blood pressure (BP), cardiac output (QT), urine flow rate and urine epinephrine and norepinephrine excretion were determined in nine dogs. Fentanyl did not significantly change QT or BP but did reduce HR and urine flow rate (P less than 0.05). Urine epinephrine and norepinephrine excretion rates were signicantly increased by fentanyl (P less than 0.05). Diazepam caused no significant further changes in QT, BP or HR 30 minutes after administration, but urine epinephrine and norepinephrine excretion rates were reduced to control (pre-fentanyl) levels. Addition of pancuronium after fentanyl and diazepam increased urine flow rate to pre-fentanyl levels and elevated QT, BP and HR above controls but produced no significant change in urine epinephrine or norepinephrine excretion. These data suggest that fentanyl increases catecholamine blood levels and imply that the latter may be one mechanism by which cardiovascular dynamics are maintained stable during fentanyl anaesthesia. Our findings also demonstrate that cardiovascular stimulation after pancuronium is not associated with increased urinary catecholamine excretion.
 ...
PMID:Urine catecholamine excretion after large doses of fentanyl, fentanyl and diazepam and fentanyl, diazepam and pancuronium. 87 40

A special technique of neurolept analgesia for electrocoagulation of the gasserian ganglion is described which has been used since 1974. Induction is by means of Fentanyl and Valium. The dosis is sufficiently low for the patient to remain responsive and co-operative but practically painfree. The actual thermocoagulation is performed in intravenous methohexital sodium anaesthesia. The dosis is kept so low that the patient wakes up within 2--3 minutes and is able to inform the surgeon of the success or failure of the operation. If no relief from pain has been obtained a further 20 mg of methohexital are injected and the operation is repeated.
 ...
PMID:[A special technique of neurolept analgesia for thermocoagulation of the gasserian ganglion (author's transl)]. 88 55

Two hundred ninety patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy were reviewed. From 1968 to 1972, 188 patients had carotid endarterectomy under general anesthesia with use of a shunt and hypercarbia. Stump pressures were not recorded in this group. There were three deaths, three postoperative hemiplegias and two complications of transient limb weakness. From 1973 to 1975, 102 patients were operated on under local anesthesia with systemic Innovar and Sublimaze, normocarbia and intra-operative assessment of stump pressure. In this group there was one death, no hemiplegia, and no complications of transient limb weakness. Twenty of the 102 were shunted either on the basis of stump pressure or the loss of motor ability or consciousness on carotid clamping. Those shunted had stump pressures ranging from 10 to 70 mm Hg with a mean of 20 while those not shunted had stump pressures ranging from 20 to 85 mm Hg with a mean of 53 mm Hg. Five patients lapsed into unconsciousness despite internal carotid stump pressures of 30, 30, 34, 36 and 70 mm Hg respectively, thus requiring intraoperative shunting. This experience seriously questions the reliability of carotid stump pressure as the sole determinant to identify those patients who require intraoperative shunting. We have come full circle, back to operation under local anesthesia, since intraoperative assessment of the patient's motor ability and consciousness alone provide the only absolute criteria for assessing the need for intraoperative shunting. Since the operation can be performed with greater technical efficiency without a shunt and without the potential complications of shunting itself, it behooves the surgeon to have a reliable method of knowing when it is not required.
 ...
PMID:Improved results with carotid endarterectomy. 88 76

In a double-blind cross-over study in dogs, dexclamol was compared with droperidol as the neuroleptic component of a neuroleptanalgestic combination. Fentanyl was the narcotic analgessic. Neuroleptanaesthesia was induced with a mixture of the neuroleptic, the analgesic and nitrous oxide in oxygen. Dexclamol 200 microng/kg i.v. was as effective as droperidol at the same dose in inducing neurolepsy and in supplementing nitrous oxide anaesthesia. Changes in heart rate, respiratory rate and rectal temperature in the animals treated with dexclamol were not different from those observed in the animals treated with droperidol. A comparison of the adrenolytic properties of dexclamol and droperidol was made on the isolated rabbit aortic strip. Both compunds produced a parallel shift to the right of the noradrenaline cumulative dose-response curves, indicating competitive antagonism. The pA2 values showed dexclamol to be approximately 15 times less potent than droperidol in inhibiting the noradrenaline-induced contraction of the rabbit aortic strip.
 ...
PMID:A study of the effects of dexclamol as the neuroleptic component in neuroleptanaesthesia. 102 51

Fentanyl (10 mug/kh) or fentanyl (10 mug/kg) plus droperidol (100 mug/kg) administered intravenously during 20 minutes to adult patients with acquired valvular heart disease produced minimal circulatory changes. The trend during drug infusion was for mean arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance to decrease, and for cardiac index and stroke volume index to increase without change in heart rate. Central venous pressure increased during drug infusion (P less than 0.05) but decreased to awake levels following controlled ventilation and skeletal-muscle paralysis, probably reflecting thoracoabdominal-muscle rigidity rather than a circulatory response. Hypoventilation during drug infusion necessitated assisted or controlled ventilation, with or without skeletal muscle paralysis, in 14 of 16 patients. Addition of 60 per cent nitrous oxide following fentanyl or fentanyl-droperidol infusion significantly decreased mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and cardiac index. All circulatory changes were similar in direction and extent to those previously found during morphine-nitrous oxide anesthesia. (Key words: Anesthetics, intravenous, fentanyl; Anesthetics, gases, nitrous oxide; Heart, effect of fentanyl, dorperidol, and nitrous oxide.).
 ...
PMID:Hemodynamic and ventilatory responses to fentanyl, fentanyl-droperidol, and nitrous oxide in patients with acquired valvular heart disease. 111 86

The effects of Halothane, Fentanyl and droperidol in combination on the circulatory system, the preganglionic sympathetic nerve activity and the respiratory centre were examined in 21 experiments carried out on cats which were relaxed and artificially ventilated with nitrous oxide in oxygen. The results showed that even the minimal dosage of 0.5 vol-% Halothane combined with 0.0042 mg/kg Fentanyl and 0.15 mg/kg droperiodol led to a significant decrease of blood pressure and a depression of the sympathetic and phrenic nerve activity both in rest and in stress during asphyxia. A dosage of 1 vol-% Halothane produced a significant increase in the above mentioned effects when at rest, while the doubled dosage of Fentanyl and droperidol combined with the original Halothane dosage of 0.5 vol-% produced no marked increase in its effects. A comparison of these results with those of previous experiments using only the inhalation of Halothane shows that an anaesthesia consisting of 0.5 vol-% Halothane combined with Fentanyl and droperidol has virtually equal effects on the decrease of blood pressure and on the depression of central sympathetic nerve activity as the inhalation of 1 vol-% Halothane alone. Using a combination of 1 vol-% Halothane, Fentanyl and droperidol the effects induced by 2 vol-% Halothane are reached.
 ...
PMID:[The effects of combining halothane and neuroleptanalgesia on the preganglionic sympathetic activity, the respiratory centre and the circulation (author's transl)]. 121 4

The authors report of the employment of the thermodilution method for repeated serial measurements of the cardiac output in 60 patients during Fentanyl -- Epontol induction anaesthesia conducted in accordance with Darbinyan's technique. The concept is illustrated by the data obtained during heart catheterization in 38 cases of congenital and acquired heart diseases, various myocardiopathies. The authors describe the technical aspects of the method. With proper technical facilities available, the method of thermodilution proves accessible, simple, precise and safe for the examination of cardiac output.
 ...
PMID:[Utilization of the thermodilution method for study and assessment of rapid changes in central hemodynamics under clinical conditions]. 127 29


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>