Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0278080 (physical dependence)
 1,658 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

D-Histidine, administered in the 'wthdrawal' phase of morphine addiction, failed to modify the expression of tolerance and physical dependence in mice. L-Histidine, on the contrary, can enhance tolerance and inhibit physical dependence. Whole brain histamine is markedly increased by L-histidine administration, but only minimally by D-histidine. This confirms that the actions of L-histidine on morphine addiction are stereospecific, and so can be more confidently correlated with the increase in brain histamine levels produced by the natural amino acid precursor.
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PMID:The effects of D-histiding on the expression of morphine tolerance and physical dependence in mice. 56 20

The effects of L-histidine, and of the specific histamine receptor agonists 2-methylhistamine and 4-methylhistamine, on the expression of morphine tolerance and physical dependence have been studied in mice. These agents were administered during the "withdrawal" phase of development. All of them significantly increased tolerance but reduced the degree of physical dependence. The effects of 2-methylhistamine, which has predominantly H1-receptor activity, were completely abolished by the prior administration of the H1-antagonist mepyramine. The H2-antagonist metiamide, on the other hand, did not alter the action of 2-methylhistamine on physical dependence, though tolerance was restored to its original level. The effects of 4-methylhistamine, which is a specific H2-receptor agonist, were inhibited by metiamide, but mepyramine was unable to reverse the actions of this agonist. The effects of L-histidine, the major precursor of brain histamine, were unaltered by mepyramine, but partially inhibited by metiamide. These experimental findings are discussed in detail, and are considered to give further support to the view that histamine is implicated in some way in the mechanisms of the "withdrawal" phase of morphine tolerance and physical dependence in mice, with H2-receptors probably playing the more important role.
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PMID:The effects of L-histidine and of specific histamine receptor agonists, on the expression of morphine tolerance and physical dependence in mice. 98 96

The possible role of brain histamine in the mechanisms of morphine tolerance and physical dependence is under investigation in mice. L-histidine and histamine, given during the 'withdrawal' phase, significantly increase tolerance to the analgesic effects of morphine but reduce the degree of physical dependence. Metiamide significantly inhibits tolerance but has no consistent effect on physical dependence. These results suggest that H2 receptors may be involved in the development of morphine tolerance. Mepyramine does not significantly affect tolerance, and with regard to dependence there is an effect only on body weight loss, which is increased. However, combined treatment with metiamide and mepyramine inhibits tolerance significantly more than metiamide alone; and withdrawal jumping is also reduced more significantly by combined treatment than by the separate administration of these drugs. It is suggested that brain histamine is definitely implicated in the mechanisms of the 'withdrawal' phase of morphine tolerance and physical dependence in mice, with H2 receptors probably playing the more important part.
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PMID:The possible role of brain histamine and H1 and H2 receptors in the development of morphine tolerance and physical dependence in mice. 124 Dec 24

Patients with stroke-related disabilities are at risk of depression and social isolation. This can make it difficult for the patient to cope with his or her disease and increase caregiver burden. While good at dealing with physical illness, nurses are often poor at attending to patients' mental and spiritual needs. In this paper, the authors introduce their experience using a spiritual care model to care for a stroke patient. The patient, a 69 year-old retiree, was admitted to our hospital due to an acute stroke. During hospitalization, he suffered from acute confusion and persistent focal weakness. His disability resulted in physical dependence, which did not improve during rehabilitation. We used a model of spiritual care and in-depth evaluation to identify several underlying psychological issues. These included feelings of hopelessness and loss of control and motivation. The authors established trust through active listening. In addition to standard nursing education and physical care, we, in cooperation with the patient's children, provided encouragement and support to help the patient cope with his disease burden and actively participate in rehabilitation. We applied a multi-dimensional spiritual care approach to help the patient shift from hopelessness to hopefulness. This enhanced his motivation to participate in rehabilitation and improved his self-care abilities. We hope this case report on the application of a spiritual-care model is useful reference for nurses responsible to care for stroke patients.
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PMID:[An experience applying a spiritual care model to a first-time stroke patient]. 2266 Oct 40