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Query: UMLS:C0278080 (physical dependence)
 1,658 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Chronic administration of ethanol to mice by inhalation for 10 days produced physical dependence demonstrated by a characteristic syndrome of withdrawal. Free amino acid concentrations in whole brain were measured at intervals during the induction of dependence and during withdrawal. During the induction of dependence there was an initial increase in brain glycine, a sustained increase in brain tyrosine and reductions in brain GABA and proline. Serine and isoleucine concentrations were consistently reduced during the induction of dependence, but this change was not significant (P less than 0-05) at any single time interval studied. After the withdrawal of ethanol only the reductions in GABA and proline persisted during the withdrawal syndrome. In addition to these changes an increase in brain glycine concentration was observed during the ethanol withdrawal syndrome. In an attempt to discriminate between the immediate, metabolic effects of ethanol on central amino acid concentrations and those changes associated with the induction of ethanol dependence, the results were compared with those obtained when mice were exposed to a high concentration of ethanol vapour for 3 h. Although this produced similar blood ethanol concentrations, no evidence of physical dependence was observed. The changes in central amino acid concentrations differed from those seen during the induction of dependence in that no change in isoleucine concentration occurred, and that the reduced concentrations of GABA and proline very rapidly reverted to control values when ethanol was removed. The possible role of central amino acids in ethanol dependence is discussed.
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PMID:Concentrations of free amino acids in brains of mice during the induction of physical dependence on ethanol and during the ethanol withdrawal syndrome. 55 41

The brain phospholipid content was studied in rats with morphine physical dependence. It was found that level of total lipids, total phospholipids and cholesterol was diminished. The significant decrease of absolute amounts of phosphotidyl serine, phosphotidyl inositol, sphingomyelin and phosphatidyl choline was shown. At the same time the percent relation of individual phospholipids did not change. As the exclusion, the quantity of phosphatidyl ethanolamine plasmalogen lowered in rats with morphine dependence. The percent content of fatty acids 16:0, 18:1 omega 9, 20:1 omega 11, 20:4 omega 6 and 22:5 omega 3 was found to be reduced. At the same time the percent amount of i18:0 and 20:0 was shown to increase. As a result the unsaturation index dramatically diminished. It was also shown that under morphine physical dependence the acyl residues of phosphatidyl choline and phosphatidyl ethanolamine changed. It was concluded that lipids play significant role in the development of morphine physical dependence.
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PMID:[Brain lipid composition of the rat with experimental morphine dependence]. 984 67