Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0278080 (physical dependence)
 1,658 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This article looks at food addiction as a subject situated between psychiatry, neurobiology, nutritional science, internal medicine, food industry, and public health. Essentially, the question is whether or not individual nutritional components can induce physical dependence, similar to the well-known effects of drugs such as alcohol and cocaine, or whether food addiction is rather a behavioral addiction. The literature describes many overlaps as well as differences of substance-based and non-substance-based addiction in both clinical and neurobiological terms. Until recently it was argued that food addiction appears only in the realms of obesity and eating disorders (e.g., binge-eating disorder, BED). Some studies, however, described the prevalence of food addiction symptoms and diagnoses independent of overweight or that they were in subjects who do not fulfill the criteria for BED. This article sums up the controversial discussion about the phenomenological and neurobiological classification of food addiction. Implications of food addiction for children and adolescents as well as public-health-related issues are also discussed.
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PMID:[Food addiction - substance use disorder or behavioral addiction?]. 2609 5

In the contemporary milieu, the term "addiction" brings to mind issues of physical dependence, uncontrolled behavior, psychoactive substances, and disease. Thus, the use of the term "food addiction" which has become common in research on binge eating and obesity, suggests a disease state characterized by craving, compulsive eating and, possibly, the presence of food constituents with drug-like properties which weaken the will power to abstain from consumption. In this commentary, the case is made that, following the trends in substance use disorder terminology, adoption of "food use disorder" as a term for compulsive eating associated with subjective loss of control may foster continued research in this area without the connotations suggested by "food addiction."
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PMID:Is it time to consider the "food use disorder?" 2813 Jan 52

Frailty and sarcopenia are important concepts in the quest to prevent physical dependence, as geriatrics are shifting towards identifications of early stages of disability. Definitions of both sarcopenia and frailty are still developing, and both concepts clearly overlap in their physical aspects. Malnutrition (both undernutrition and obesity) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of frailty and sarcopenia. The quality of the diet along the lifespan has a close relation with the incidence of both entities, and nutritional interventions may be able to reduce the incidence or revert either of them. This brief review explores the role of energy and protein intake and other key nutrients on muscle function. Nutrition may be a key element of multimodal interventions for frailty and sarcopenia. The results of the "Sarcopenia and Physical fRailty IN older people: multi-componenT Treatment strategies" (SPRINTT) trial will offer key insights on the effect of such interventions in frail, sarcopenic older individuals.
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PMID:Nutrition, frailty, and sarcopenia. 2815 81