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Query: UMLS:C0277787 (stigma)
 13,352 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Within mainstream institutions such as colleges and universities, scientists and social leaders, alike, are faced with persistent and new challenges to forging paths toward inclusion among marginalized group members (e.g., Latino/a/x and African Americans). Integrating theoretical perspectives that conceptualize identity among marginalized groups as tied to culture and strengths with literatures on threat and stigma, we propose a "pride and prejudice" approach to inclusion. We provide support for the efficacy of inclusion as 2 pathways-one route that is associated with recognizing "pride" or the history and culture of marginalized groups and another that is related to reducing "prejudice" or perceived discrimination toward marginalized groups. Specifically, we demonstrate using actual demands for inclusion generated by students attending 80 colleges and universities that a pride and prejudice approach is consistent with collective calls for institutional change voiced by marginalized group members and their allies (Study 1). Then, Study 2, using longitudinal data of Latino/a/x and African American students (N = 1,967) attending 27 colleges and universities we reveal the impact of pride (e.g., taking an ethnic studies course) and prejudice (e.g., perceived discrimination) experiences on sense of belonging, and in turn academic and health outcomes (e.g., graduation rates, depression). We provide evidence for 1 theory-based process whereby individual experiences tied to pride and prejudice can impact belongingness through intragroup and intergroup relations. Theory and policy implications for institutional inclusion efforts including the importance of fostering ties to ingroup and outgoup members are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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PMID:"Pride and prejudice" pathways to belonging: Implications for inclusive diversity practices within mainstream institutions. 3277 41

The shared experience of societal discrimination and affirmation can provide a basis for empathy among members of different marginalized groups. However, the potential mechanisms and moderating conditions involved in this process have been little studied. This experiment examined how perceived societal (in)equity of one's own group may influence one's reaction to other marginalized groups. We randomly assigned 310 cisgender White lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) adults to conditions varying in LGB (in)equity salience (discrimination, affirmation, control) and in the target outgroup identity (transgender, Black). Participants completed a survey assessing thoughts, feelings, and behaviors related to the outgroup, that is, indicators of allyship. Based on the emerging theory of stigma-based solidarity, we expected LGB discrimination to improve intergroup relations with transgender people (i.e. a group readily sharing a common superordinate identity with LGB people) but worsen relations with Black people (i.e. a group not readily sharing a common superordinate identity). Counter to expectations, allyship variables were not predicted by discrimination as a main effect or in interaction with outgroup identity. However, we found support for the mediating role of emotions in explaining the indirect effect of discrimination on allyship. For example, discrimination produced greater outgroup identification by elevating negative affect, but only when the outgroup was transgender people. Results for transgender and Black targets converged for outcomes requiring participants to consider societal injustice toward the outgroup. We observed only one effect for affirmation: It reduced LGB people's empathic anger for both transgender and Black people. Results may inform efforts of coalition building. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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PMID:How far can stigma-based empathy reach? Effects of societal (in)equity of LGB people on their allyship with transgender and Black people. 3280 27

The debilitating stigma of mental illness is present in psychologists, psychology departments, and in the larger higher education environment. My reflections on my experience as an African American psychology professor living with bipolar disorder can shed light on how stigma can prevent colleagues from intervening and providing much-needed support to a colleague in crisis. I summarize the history of my struggle with mental illness and with the decision to write about it. I emphasize the importance of vigilance with respect to the fact that changes in medication can rapidly and radically impact one's mood and behavior. My insights as a prosumer can inform administrators, staff, and faculty as they develop policies and practices to assist employees with mental health concerns, which should include providing trusted colleagues with permission to contact a spouse, friend, therapist, and/or family member in the event of a change in behavior. The aim is reduced stigma, greater authenticity on the part of the person living with mental illness, and early intervention, similar to the response one would expect to a heart attack, to interrupt or prevent a prolonged episode of psychological distress. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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PMID:Stigma matters: An African American psychology professor comes out of the mental illness closet. 3285 91

A majority of mental health care providers seek personal therapy (i.e., are prosumers), and many providers experience suicidal ideation. Although mental health care providers may have more awareness of mental health than undergraduates, stigma is prevalent across both mental health care professionals and within universities. Furthermore, suicidality is a particularly stigmatized aspect of mental health. Stigma may affect a client's willingness to work with therapists who are prosumers. Although client preferences have implications for treatment engagement, retention, and outcomes (Swift & Callahan, 2009, 2010; Swift, Callahan, & Vollmer, 2011), we are unaware of any research that considers clients' preferences regarding a prosumer therapist. The current study used a delay discounting paradigm to compare undergraduates' and mental health care providers' preferences of a prosumer therapist (i.e., with or without prior treatment history or prior suicidal ideation). We hypothesized that mental health care providers would be more accepting of a prosumer therapist, compared to undergraduates. Across both samples we expected a therapist with prior personal therapy to be more preferred than a therapist who has experienced prior suicidal ideation. Results were as expected, which may indicate a greater degree of mental health stigma among undergraduates compared to the mental health profession and greater stigma toward suicide in comparison to therapy experience in general. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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PMID:Preferences regarding therapists' history of personal therapy or suicidal ideation: A comparison of undergraduates and mental healthcare providers. 3285 92

How does it feel to be a doctor and a patient? What impact does my lived experience have on my work as a psychiatrist? In the present narrative, I describe my personal experiences with bipolar disorder and my difficulties in accepting the diagnosis of a mental health disorder due to mental health stigma. I outline the possible benefits resulting from a deeper insight into a psychological crisis (e.g., more empathy and patience). I describe the establishment of a support and interest group for prosumers diagnosed with bipolar disorder in Germany and its activities of offering support to colleagues and providing public information and education aimed at reducing the stigma of mental health disorders. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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PMID:Changeover-How my lived experience changed my life, my work as a psychiatrist, and how it resulted in the establishment of a support group for prosumers in Germany. 3285 94

Applicants to graduate school in clinical psychology are warned against disclosing something in their application that could be the "kiss of death," information that by itself causes admissions committees to reject otherwise strong applicants. Specifically, several renowned authorities warn applicants against disclosing a lived experience with, or close connection to, psychopathology. This state of affairs seems counterintuitive. At least some people who pursue research in clinical psychology do so, in part, because they have a lived experience with mental illness. This pursuit is termed self-relevant research, which is also known by the pejorative label me-search. Mental health professionals with lived experience are sometimes referred to as "prosumers." There are anecdotal accounts of stigma toward self-relevant research in clinical psychology, but despite the important professional stakes at hand (e.g., gaining admissions into a graduate program), there is a lack systematic documentation of such experiences. To fill this research gap, I use a scholarly personal narrative to facilitate a scholarly conversation about this topic. I reflect upon my own experiences with stigma for when I, a depression researcher, shared my personal connections to depression in my family. This narrative calls for inquiry on self-relevant research and questions biases against this pursuit; for example, the assumption that self-relevant research hinders objectivity. Noting exemplars of people conducting self-relevant research in clinical psychology (e.g., Marsha Linehan), encouraging a more robust practice of self-relevant research, may help combat psychopathology stigma. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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PMID:Is "me-search" a kiss of death in mental health research? 3300 66

Nonrepresentative estimates indicate that 25%-50% of transgender people are parents. Yet very little is known about their demographic characteristics and health outcomes. The present study compared the quality of life and several mental health (i.e., psychological distress, life satisfaction, happiness, social well-being) and health (i.e., physical health, alcohol and drug use) dimensions by gender identity and parenthood status in a probability sample of 1,436 transgender and cisgender respondents to the U.S. Transgender Population Health Survey (TransPop study). An estimated 18.8% of transgender respondents were parents, with the majority (52.5%) being transgender women. After controlling for age, education, and relationship status, there were no significant differences between trans- and cisgender parents and their nonparent counterparts on any mental health or health dimensions. These findings are important to family practitioners and policymakers so that they do not mistakenly assume that any problems transgender parents may report reveal their unsuitability to parent. Rather, because differences in health outcomes were seen only across gender identities, such problems are more likely related to stigma and discrimination experiences in a cisgenderist/heterosexist society. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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PMID:Demographics and health outcomes in a U.S. probability sample of transgender parents. 3300 75

Minority stress theory (e.g., Meyer, 2003b), a model for understanding mental health disparities affecting sexual minorities, has primarily been tested in Western samples yet has not been carefully applied to the experiences of sexual minorities in a global context, including in East Asian countries. Combining minority stress theory with considerations of Chinese culture, the current study tested the associations among norm conformity, distal minority stressor (enacted stigma), proximal minority stressors (sexual identity concerns and concealment), lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) family support, and psychological distress among Chinese sexual minority men (n = 748). Structural equation modeling showed that sexual identity concerns mediated the associations of norm conformity, enacted stigma, and lower family support with concealment. Psychological distress was associated with enacted stigma and lower family support, but not with proximal stressors (sexual identity concerns and concealment). Alternative model testing found sexual identity acceptance concerns predicted psychological distress and mediated the associations of norm conformity and LGB family support with distress. Findings provide partial support for the minority stress model in a Chinese context and suggest the importance of incorporating cultural considerations into minority stress conceptualizations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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PMID:Cultural context matters: Testing the minority stress model among Chinese sexual minority men. 3303 Sep 14

Suicide is a leading cause of morbidity, yet a significant challenge to receiving adequate support is an unwillingness to disclose mental health issues. The current study explores reasons for nondisclosure among emergency personnel, a population at risk of developing mental health problems. Twenty-nine police, ambulance, and fire and rescue agencies from around Australia participated in a mental health and wellbeing survey (N = 14,536, male = 60.5%, 52.0% over 45 years of age, heterosexual = 92.5%). Rates of mental health issues and perceptions of stigma were compared between participants who answered suicide-related questions and those who preferred not to say. Participants who preferred not to answer suicide-related questions (n = 1,098) reported higher rates of psychological distress (symptoms of depression and anxiety), and lower wellbeing and social support, than those who reported suicidal thoughts (n = 1,966) or no suicidal thoughts (n = 11,472). Perceptions of mental health stigma within the workplace, and regarding one's own mental health, also tended to be higher among nonresponders. Imputing their responses based on this survey information resulted in notably higher rates of estimated suicidal thoughts, plans, and attempts. Allowing for nondisclosure in self-report measures of suicide may provide more accurate prevalence estimates and facilitate identification of individuals most at risk of suicide. Addressing stigma in the workplace and also regarding one's own mental health issues may act to improve disclosure of suicidal thoughts and adaptive help-seeking behaviors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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PMID:Allowing nondisclosure in surveys with suicide content: Characteristics of nondisclosure in a national survey of emergency services personnel. 3303 Sep 37

While researchers have begun to investigate theory and methods related to attenuating stress-related issues at work, one underexplored area is barriers to reporting stress-related concerns in the workplace. Research on organizational climate broadly covers psychosocial safety at work. However, the literature has not examined other, more specific factors such as stigma toward reporting stress-related concerns in the workplace. Using a prospective design, the current study examined the distinction between psychosocial safety climate (PSC) and stigmas surrounding reporting stress that may exist in organizations. Furthermore, we investigated whether PSC would buffer against the effects of such stigmas. The findings of this study indicate that stigma and PSC are distinct and can independently predict psychosocial outcomes. The results also indicate that PSC may play a role in attenuating the effects of these stigmas on some psychosocial outcomes. Implications and potential avenues for future research in this area are discussed. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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PMID:Psychosocial Safety Climate and Stigma: Reporting Stress-related Concerns at Work. 3327 20


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