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 13,352 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Over the past several years, nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) has emerged as a widespread concern in school settings worldwide. However, despite significant strides in NSSI research, there remains a substantial knowledge gap with respect to what school staff know. Unfortunately, this can contribute to stigma and ineffective responding when working with students who self-injure. In light of its high rates and the risks with which NSSI associates, including death by suicide, this is worrisome. Accordingly, there is a pressing need for advocacy in schools to ensure that NSSI is prioritized and for proper knowledge and training be offered to school staff. The current article serves as a call to action for school psychologists as leaders and advocates in meeting these needs. We begin by articulating the central issues pertinent to low NSSI literacy and high NSSI stigma in schools, followed by a series of research-informed recommendations for timely and effective advocacy. By virtue of undertaking these initiatives, school staff will be better able to respond to the needs of youth who self-injure and advocate for them. This, in turn, can foster an enhanced school climate and greater student well-being. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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PMID:Advocacy for improved response to self-injury in schools: A call to action for school psychologists. 3110 47

The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) developed Psychosocial Rehabilitation and Recovery Centers (PRRCs) to enhance recovery-oriented mental health services to large populations of veterans diagnosed with serious mental illness (e.g., psychotic disorders, bipolar disorder) and significant functional challenges. Psychosocial Rehabilitation and Recovery Centers were designed to support a rehabilitation framework to help veterans obtain needed skills and support to integrate into meaningful, self-determined community roles. This study used data collected as part of VHA's development and implementation of a national system to monitor PRRC performance with the purpose of evaluating the psychometric properties and latent structure of outcome measures used in PRRCs. Baseline self-report data from 5,086 veterans and their assigned PRRC staff providers were collected and reviewed. Exploratory factor analyses were used to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Veteran-Rated Psychiatric Symptom Items (VR-PSI), the Clinician-Rated Psychiatric Symptom Items (CR-PSI), and the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness 10-item scale (ISMI-10). Four latent factors were identified for the VR-PSI and CR-PSI for the total sample, while the ISMI-10 was reduced to 8-items to assess self-stigma as a unitary measure. All measures demonstrated good psychometric properties. This study provides initial support for the latent factor structures and psychometric properties of measures used to assess national VHA PRRC performance. Implications and limitations are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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PMID:Psychometric examination of care quality measures in VA psychosocial rehabilitation and recovery centers (PRRCs). 3112 Feb 92

Under conditions of profound stress, individuals in high-risk occupations may experience an acute stress reaction (ASR). Given that ASRs may interfere with functioning, placing the team in danger, the Israel Defense Forces developed YaHaLOM training to teach service members how to manage ASRs in team members. YaHaLOM is a novel, rapid, peer-based intervention specifically designed for use in the midst of a high-stress event. In all, 904 Israeli combat soldiers participated in the study; 76% reported having received YaHaLOM, and 24% reported that they had not. In addition to measures of knowledge about managing ASRs, confidence in managing ASRs, and stigma-related attitudes toward ASRs, questions also addressed training approach, including the use of a video and instructor type. Participants who reported receiving YaHaLOM also reported more knowledge about managing an ASR, more confidence in managing an ASR, less external stigma, and more normative views of ASRs. Being trained with a video was associated with more confidence and less self-stigma than being trained without a video. Instructor type was not associated with differences in knowledge, confidence, or stigma-related attitudes. The study is limited by cross-sectional self-report data. Nevertheless, results suggest YaHaLOM may prepare soldiers to manage ASRs in team members; future studies are needed to assess intervention efficacy and to expand this research to other high-risk occupational contexts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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PMID:YaHaLOM training in the military: Assessing knowledge, confidence, and stigma. 3112 Feb 93

This article reports the development and psychometric properties of the 27-item Barriers to Seeking Mental Health Counseling (BMHC) scale, which assesses perceived help-seeking barriers among college-aged students. Across 2 studies involving ethnically diverse samples (e.g., Latinx majority students), the authors provided evidence for this new measure's validity and reliability. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (including a bifactor analysis) provided support for the BMHC scale's multidimensionality reflecting 6 barriers: Negative Perceived Value, Discomfort with Emotions, Ingroup Stigma, Lack of Knowledge, Lack of Access, and Cultural Barriers. Evidence for criterion-related validity was shown through significant but differential correlations with self-stigma, emotional control, and the 4 components of Ajzen's (1991) Theory of Planned Behavior model-attitude, subjective norm of social stigma, perceived behavioral control, and mental health help-seeking intention. Discriminant evidence of validity was established through nonsignificant or small correlations between BMHC subscales and 2 measures of socially desirable responding. The authors also found evidence for incremental validity and measurement invariance across race, and evidence for internal reliability and temporal stability of the BMHC subscales. Findings are discussed in light of the conceptual, methodological, and clinical contributions of the BMHC scale. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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PMID:College students' barriers to seeking mental health counseling: Scale development and psychometric evaluation. 3114 48

There is a paucity of research on the potentially distinctive functions of cognitive and affective expectation of stigma. Moreover, expectation of stigma has received limited research attention with sexual minority people of color who may anticipate interlocking heterosexist and racist stigmatization. In this study, data from 209 sexual minority people of color were analyzed using path analysis and bootstrap procedures to test direct and indirect relations among perceived discrimination, expectation of stigma, coping self-efficacy, and psychological distress. Analyses disaggregated expectation of stigma into its cognitive (i.e., perceived likelihood of stigma) and affective (i.e., worry and anxiety about stigma) components. Results revealed that perceived discrimination had a unique direct link with psychological distress. In addition, perceived discrimination was linked indirectly with greater distress through affective expectation of stigma and problem-focused and emotion-focused coping self-efficacy. These findings suggest the importance of social justice interventions to reduce discrimination. Additionally, the findings suggest that interventions should attend to affective worry and anxiety about stigma and foster problem-focused and emotion-focused coping self-efficacy. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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PMID:Cognitive and affective expectation of stigma, coping efficacy, and psychological distress among sexual minority people of color. 3114 49

Although the importance of religion in the help-seeking processes of Latinx populations has been discussed (e.g., Moreno & Cardemil, 2013), few studies have considered the effects of religious and cultural factors on Mexican American women's underutilization of professional mental health services and less willingness to seek counseling. To address this gap in the literature, this study focuses on religious cultural values reported by Mexican American college women and how sociocultural factors, such as spiritual and biological etiology beliefs and self-stigma, can shape their willingness to seek counseling, using the cultural influences on mental health (CIMH) theoretical framework (Hwang, Myers, Abe-Kim, & Ting, 2008). Using structural equation modeling, we tested 2 theoretically and empirically derived models of willingness to seek counseling among 276 Mexican American college women at a large Hispanic-serving university in the Southwest. The findings highlighted the direct and indirect ways in which religious cultural values related to willingness to seek counseling and the importance of accounting for etiology beliefs and self-stigma. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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PMID:Mexican American women college students' willingness to seek counseling: The role of religious cultural values, etiology beliefs, and stigma. 3125 75

Young Asian American women have high rates of depression and suicidality; however, few interventions address the urgent need for culturally informed care. Asian Women's Action for Resilience and Empowerment (AWARE) aims to be the first gender and culturally specific group psychotherapy intervention designed to improve mental and sexual health in Asian American women with trauma. This article specifically focuses on identifying the mechanisms of action that were responsible for improving mental health and well-being among those who participated in AWARE randomized controlled trial. Of the 435 women screened for the study, 63 Chinese, Korean, and Vietnamese women with histories of interpersonal violence were randomized into either the intervention (n = 32) or waitlist control groups (n = 31). Data from 16 posttrial focus group sessions were then thematically analyzed to explore the key themes and mechanisms of action of the AWARE intervention. Analysis revealed four cultural mechanisms that facilitated mental health improvements: psychoeducation on disempowering parenting, the reduction of mental illness-related stigma, community and relational building, and a heightened sense of empowerment. Results suggest that the AWARE intervention fosters Asian American women's well-being on an individual level and encourages social engagement through culturally salient messages. Women in the study were able to expand their social support network, engage in activism, and develop an empowered connection to their community. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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PMID:Mechanisms of action in AWARE: A culturally informed intervention for 1.5- and 2nd-generation Asian American women. 3130 15

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in young individuals is associated with an increased risk to develop psychosis or mania, and both trauma and PTSD rates are elevated in people with schizophrenia and other severe mental illnesses. However, less research has examined PTSD in people who have recently developed a first episode of psychosis (FEP). The present study is a secondary analysis of the baseline data collected for the National Institute of Mental Health Recovery After an Initial Schizophrenia Episode-Early Treatment Program (RAISE-ETP) study to examine the rates of trauma and PTSD, and to explore the demographic and clinical correlates of PTSD in a representative sample of 404 persons with an FEP. Approximately 80% of the study sample reported experiencing at least one traumatic event during their lives, with females more likely to report childhood sexual abuse and spousal abuse than males. A total of 20 participants (5.0%) met criteria for a lifetime diagnosis of PTSD, while another 15 participants (3.7%) met subthreshold diagnostic criteria for PTSD. Significant correlations were found between lifetime PTSD and the Calgary Depression Scale, the Mental Health Recovery Measure, the Stigma Scale, and duration of untreated psychosis, with higher scores on each variable associated with a diagnosis of PTSD. The association between PTSD and more severe depression, as well as lower perceptions of personal recovery, suggest that PTSD may be an important target for treatment programs for persons recovering from an FEP. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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PMID:Prevalence and correlates of PTSD in first episode psychosis: Findings from the RAISE-ETP study. 3134 88

The help-seeking literature identifies a model wherein public stigma of seeking help is internalized as self-stigma of seeking help, which, in turn, decreases help-seeking outcomes. The current study considered whether experiential avoidance, or a tendency to avoid painful thoughts or emotions, moderates how strongly these stigmata relate to help-seeking intentions among university students. Specifically, this study tested whether experiential avoidance moderates (a) the direct relationship between self-stigma of seeking psychological help and help-seeking intentions and (b) the indirect relationship between public stigma and help-seeking intentions. Conditional process modeling in a university student sample (N = 235) supported these hypotheses. The direct relationship between self-stigma and help-seeking intentions was nonsignificant and weaker for those who reported low experiential avoidance than for those who reported high experiential avoidance. Results also demonstrated a moderated indirect effect wherein the relationship between self-stigma and intentions was nonsignificant among those reporting low levels of experiential avoidance. This suggests that self-stigma may predict help-seeking intentions when avoidance of therapy functions as a means for avoiding unpleasant emotions. These findings suggest that interventions designed to decrease experiential avoidance by increasing openness to unpleasant emotions may offer a novel avenue to attenuate the impact of self-stigma on help-seeking intentions without requiring the difficult task of reducing stigma altogether. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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PMID:Seeking help despite the stigma: Experiential avoidance as a moderated mediator. 3134 14

Differences in mental illness (MI) stigma among adolescents were examined cross-sectionally across race, ethnicity, and gender to identify target populations and cultural considerations for future antistigma efforts. An ethnically and socioeconomically diverse sample of sixth graders (N = 667; mean age = 11.5) self-completed assessments of their MI-related knowledge, positive attitudes, and behaviors toward peers with MI and adolescent vignettes described as experiencing bipolar (Julia) and social anxiety (David) symptoms. Self-reported race, ethnicity, and gender were combined to generate 6 intersectional composite variables: Latino boys, Latina girls, non-Latina/o (NL) Black boys, NL-Black girls, NL-White boys, and NL-White girls-referent. Linear regression models adjusting for personal and family factors examined differences in stigma using separate and composite race, ethnicity, and gender variables. In main effects models, boys and Latina/o adolescents reported greater stigma for some outcomes than girls and NL-White adolescents, respectively. However, intersectional analyses revealed unique patterns. NL-Black boys reported less knowledge/positive attitudes than NL-Black and White girls. NL-Black and Latino boys reported greater avoidance/discomfort than NL-White girls. Moreover, NL-Black girls and boys and Latina/o girls and boys wanted more social separation from peers with mental illness than NL-White girls; NL-Black boys also reported more separation than NL-White boys, NL-Black girls, and Latina girls. Finally, NL-Black boys and Latina girls wanted more distance from David than NL-White and Black girls. Vital for informing future antistigma interventions, this study generates new knowledge about how differences in views about MI exist across racial and ethnic identity, and how gender intersects with these perceptions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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PMID:Adolescent views of mental illness stigma: An intersectional lens. 3138 Jun 69


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