Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0277787 (stigma)
 13,352 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Collagen breakdown and apoptotic cell death within the apex of the preovulatory ovine follicle are hallmarks of impending ovarian rupture. An integrative mechanism is proposed whereby gonadotrophic stimulation of urokinase-type plasminogen activator secretion by the follicular-contiguous ovarian surface epithelium elicits a localized increase in tissue plasmin, which activates collagenolysis and tumour necrosis factor alpha-induced cell death within the formative ovulatory stigma.
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PMID:Plasmin-tumour necrosis factor interaction in the ovulatory process. 1069 67

Although ovarian mechanisms of ovulation have been a subject of investigation for more than a century, essential regulatory pathways remain uncertain. A role for the ovarian surface epithelium in ovulation has recently been demonstrated. Ovarian surface epithelial cells in close contact with the apical wall of preovulatory ovine follicles secrete a urokinase-type plasminogen activator in response to surge concentrations of (locally delivered) gonadotrophins. Urokinase activates latent collagenases and stimulates release of tumour necrosis factor alpha from thecal endothelium. Tumour necrosis factor alpha progressively induces matrix metalloproteinase gene expression, apoptosis and inflammatory necrosis. Collagenolysis and cellular death are a prelude to stigma formation and ovarian rupture. Epithelium exfoliated from the dome of ovulatory follicles is replenished by generative stem cell replication and migration from the wound edges. Common epithelial ovarian cancer has been related to successive bouts of ovulation and mitosis. The integrity of the DNA of surface cells circumjacent to the ovarian rupture site is compromised during the ovulatory process. Clonal expansion of an epithelial cell with damaged (unrepaired) DNA is a putative factor in carcinogenesis. Ovarian cancer is a deadly insidious disease because typically it is asymptomatic until the malignancy has reached beyond the ovaries.
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PMID:Roles of the ovarian surface epithelium in ovulation and carcinogenesis. 1205 28

Patients with iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis suffer the most severe postthrombotic morbidity. Techniques that effectively remove thrombus from the venous system eliminate venous obstruction and potentially preserve valvular function. This will likely reduce or avoid the postthrombotic syndrome and improve long-term quality of life. To evaluate whether catheter-directed thrombolysis is associated with improved quality of life compared with anticoagulation alone and whether outcome in the thrombolysis group is related to lytic success, 98 patients with iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis who were treated at least 6 months earlier were identified and queried with a validated health-related quality-of-life questionnaire. Sixty-eight patients were identified through the Venous Registry (a national, multicenter venous registry) and were treated with catheter-directed thrombolysis with urokinase, and 30 patients were identified by means of medical record review and were treated with anticoagulation alone. All patients were candidates for thrombolysis; however, the treatment decision was made according to physician preference. The two treatment groups did not differ significantly in average time between the reference hospitalization and first contact. No difference was found in physical functioning and well-being between the groups before the development of deep venous thrombosis. Following treatment, patients receiving catheter-directed thrombolysis reported better overall physical functioning, less stigma, less health distress, and fewer postthrombotic symptoms compared to those patients treated with anticoagulation alone. Within the thrombolysis group, successful lysis correlated with health-related quality of life. Catheter-directed thrombolysis for the management of patients with iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis significantly improves health-related quality of life compared to similar patients treated with anticoagulation alone. Improved quality of life is related to successful thrombolysis. These data offer a compelling argument for a prospective randomized study.
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PMID:Quality-of-life improvement using thrombolytic therapy for iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis. 1255 44

The connective tissue matrix of the wall of ovarian follicles is degraded and remodeled during ovulatory rupture and formation of the corpus luteum. Ovarian surface epithelial cells in close contact with the apical wall of preovulatory ovine follicles secrete a urokinase-type plasminogen activator in response to surge levels of gonadotropins. Urokinase activates latent collagenases and stimulates release of tumor necrosis factor alpha from thecal endothelium. Tumor necrosis factor alpha progressively induces matrix metalloproteinase gene expression, apoptosis, and inflammatory necrosis. Collagenolysis and cellular death are a prelude to stigma formation and ovarian rupture. Ovulation is blocked by intrafollicular injection of TNFalpha or MMP-2 antisera. Unruptured follicles luteinize but are deficient in collagenous/vascularized trabeculae, and produce less progesterone than their control luteal counterparts. It appears that TNFalpha, via MMP-2 induction, contributes to the reorganization of an ovulatory follicle into a fully competent corpus luteum.
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PMID:Proteolytic mechanisms in the ovulatory folliculo-luteal transformation. 1294 4