Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0277787 (stigma)
 13,352 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pollen diffusates, known to be important in pollen-stigma interactions controlling interspecific incompatibility between Populus deltoides and Populus alba, have been partly characterized and shown to contain more than 20 protein bands by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, at least 4 of these being glycoproteins. Seven fractions had antigenic activity in rabbits and several enzyme activities were also present. Peroxidase and leucine aminopeptidase isoenzymes were detected in the diffusates, demonstrating the extracellular location of these 2 enzymes. Isoenzyme patterns of peroxidase, esterase and acid phosphatase were complex, with some bands common to both species. Localization of acid phosphatase in the intine and esterase in the exine was demonstrated after brief aldehyde fixation and low-temperature embedding in glycol methacrylate. The intine and exine sites were distinguished by their chemical and structural features. Calcofluor white M2R new proved to be an excellent stain for differentiating the intine. Aniline blue-positive material, probably beta-1,3-glucan, is present associated with the intine of many ungerminated as well as germinating grains: production of this material may be a response to damage.
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PMID:Characteristics of pollen diffusates and pollen wall cytochemistry in poplars. 744 Jun 50

High-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode-array detection was used to separate picrocrocin (bitter-tasting component, glucoside of safranal), cis/trans-crocins (carotenoids, glucosyl esters of crocetin) and safranal (flavour, monoterpene aldehyde) of saffron. All components of pure red Greek saffron were extracted from dried stigma with 50% methanol. These compounds were detected, separated collected and identified simultaneously using a Merck LiChroCART 125-4 Superspher 100 RP-18 (4 microns) column and as mobile phase a linear gradient from 20% to 100% acetonitrile in water in 20 min with a detection wavelength at 308 nm.
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PMID:Separation of picrocrocin, cis-trans-crocins and safranal of saffron using high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode-array detection. 801 49

Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity in plants is generally associated with glycolytic fermentation, which facilitates cell survival during episodes of low-oxygen stress in water-logged roots as well as chronically hypoxic regions surrounding the vascular core. Work with tobacco and potato has implicated ADH activity in additional metabolic roles, including aerobic fermentation, acetaldehyde detoxification and carbon reutilization. Here a combination of approaches has been used to examine tissue-specific patterns of Adh gene expression in order to provide insight into the potential roles of alcohol dehydrogenases, using Petunia hybrida, a solanaceous species with well-characterized genetics. A reporter-gene study, relying on the promoters of Adh1 and Adh2 to drive expression of the gene for a green fluorescent protein derivative, mgfp5, revealed unexpectedly complex patterns of GFP fluorescence in floral tissues, particularly the stigma, style and nectary. Results of GC-MS analysis suggest the association of ADH with production of aromatic compounds in the nectary. Overall the results demonstrate selective recruitment of Adh gene family members in tissues and organs associated with diverse ADH functions.
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PMID:Selective recruitment of Adh genes for distinct enzymatic functions in Petunia hybrida. 1602 79

High-spatial resolution and high-mass resolution techniques are developed and adopted for the mass spectrometric imaging of epicuticular lipids on the surface of Arabidopsis thaliana. Single cell level spatial resolution of approximately 12 mum was achieved by reducing the laser beam size by using an optical fiber with 25 mum core diameter in a vacuum matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-linear ion trap (vMALDI-LTQ) mass spectrometer and improved matrix application using an oscillating capillary nebulizer. Fine chemical images of a whole flower were visualized in this high spatial resolution showing substructure of an anther and single pollen grains at the stigma and anthers. The LTQ-Orbitrap with a MALDI ion source was adopted to achieve MS imaging in high mass resolution. Specifically, isobaric silver ion adducts of C29 alkane (m/z 515.3741) and C28 aldehyde (m/z 515.3377), indistinguishable in low-resolution LTQ, can now be clearly distinguished and their chemical images could be separately constructed. In the application to roots, the high spatial resolution allowed molecular MS imaging of secondary roots and the high mass resolution allowed direct identification of lipid metabolites on root surfaces.
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PMID:High-spatial and high-mass resolution imaging of surface metabolites of Arabidopsis thaliana by laser desorption-ionization mass spectrometry using colloidal silver. 2023 69

In saffron, the cleavage of zeaxanthin by means of CCD2 generates crocetin dialdehyde, which is then converted by an unknown aldehyde dehydrogenase to crocetin. A proteome from saffron stigma was released recently and, based on the expression pattern and correlation analyses, five aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) were suggested as possible candidates to generate crocetin from crocetin dialdehydes. We selected four of the suggested ALDHs and analyzed their expression in different tissues, determined their activity over crocetin dialdehyde, and performed structure modeling and docking calculation to find their specificity. All the ALDHs were able to convert crocetin dialdehyde to crocetin, but two of them were stigma tissue-specific. Structure modeling and docking analyses revealed that, in all cases, there was a high coverage of residues in the models. All of them showed a very close conformation, indicated by the low root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) values of backbone atoms, which indicate a high similarity among them. However, low affinity between the enzymes and the crocetin dialdehyde were observed. Phylogenetic analysis and binding affinities calculations, including some ALDHs from Gardenia jasmonoides, Crocus sieberi, and Buddleja species that accumulate crocetin and Bixa orellana synthetizing the apocarotenoid bixin selected on their expression pattern matching with the accumulation of either crocins or bixin, pointed out that family 2 C4 members might be involved in the conversion of crocetin dialdehyde to crocetin with high specificity.
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PMID:Expression and Interaction Analysis among Saffron ALDHs and Crocetin Dialdehyde. 2974 75